Xylazine Crisis: Why ‘Tranq’ Is Making Street Drugs Even More Dangerous

Xylazine is appearing in street drugs across the US, and it’s raising serious alarms. Nicknamed the “zombie drug,” it’s a veterinary tranquilizer that isn’t safe for humans. Even small amounts can slow your heart, drop your blood pressure, and slow breathing without warning.

Even more alarming is how fast it’s spreading. In just a few years, labs across the country have found more and more street drugs contaminated with xylazine. The biggest jumps were in the South, but it’s showing up everywhere. In one multi-city review, xylazine was almost nonexistent in overdose deaths back in 2015, under 1%. By 2020, it was involved in nearly 7% of cases.

Local testing shows even higher numbers. In Maryland, almost 8 out of 10 drug samples that contained opioids also had xylazine. And in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania recent reports found it in roughly a third of heroin or fentanyl overdose deaths.

What is Xylazine, and Why is it So Dangerous?

Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer and sedative used in veterinary medicine. For animals, it works safely under supervision. For humans, even small amounts can have profound effects. It slows the central nervous system, reduces heart rate and blood pressure, and causes extreme drowsiness.

When mixed with synthetic opioids like fentanyl, the combination is hazardous. The opioid slows breathing, and xylazine adds extra respiratory system suppression. Together, they can cause slowed breathing, drug-induced coma, or even death.

drug-overdose-death-legs-laying-on-street-drugs-central-nervous-system-drug-induced-coma-polysubstance-abuse-drug-poisoning

The problem is that people using street drugs usually don’t know xylazine is present. It’s often added without warning. And unlike opioids, naloxone alone may not reverse the effects of xylazine. That’s why overdoses with xylazine are harder to treat and more deadly.

The Health Risks of Xylazine

Xylazine is not your typical street drug. It’s a veterinary tranquilizer designed to sedate large animals. That’s the first red flag, it was never meant for human bodies. When people take it, whether intentionally or unknowingly, the effects can spiral out of control quickly. Here’s what can happen:

Slowed Breathing

Xylazine slows the central nervous system, which means your breathing can become dangerously slow. Combine it with opioids like fentanyl, and the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression skyrockets. Breathing may get so slow that oxygen can’t reach your brain correctly, which can lead to a drug-induced coma or death.

Tranq Wounds

Xylazine can cause tranq wounds, deep, slow-healing ulcers at injection sites. They can appear even if the drug touches the skin without injection. These wounds are prone to severe infection, and untreated infections can become life-threatening.

Extreme Sedation (“Zombie Effect”)

Users may become extremely drowsy or move and speak very slowly, which is why people call it the “zombie drug.” In this state, it’s hard to stay safe, communicate needs, or respond in an emergency.

Polysubstance Risks

Xylazine rarely appears alone. It’s often mixed with synthetic opioids, cocaine, or other addictive drugs. Using multiple substances at once (polysubstance abuse) makes overdoses harder to treat, which greatly increases the chance of drug poisoning.

Overdose Risk and Naloxone Limitations

Even if naloxone is administered for an opioid overdose, it won’t reverse xylazine. That means someone could still experience slowed breathing, heart problems, or a drug-induced coma. Medical attention is critical, calling 911 can save a life.

man-overdosed-on-life-threatening-addictive-drugs-started-in-Philadelphia-Pennsylvania-now-spreading-across-the-USA-drug-rehab-in-Houston-Texas-covert-medication-roofied-laced-street-drugs-Xylazine-zombie-drug-crisis

Signs of Xylazine Exposure

Here are some common signs that you need to watch out for:

Why Naloxone Isn’t Always Enough

Naloxone is a life-saving antidote for opioid overdoses. But xylazine is not an opioid, so naloxone won’t reverse its effects. A person may still experience severe sedation, slowed breathing, or heart rate collapse even after receiving naloxone.

Harm-reduction experts emphasize getting immediate medical attention. CPR, oxygen support, and rapid transport to the hospital may be required alongside naloxone.

Harm Reduction and Overdose Awareness

The safest and healthiest choice is to avoid street drugs entirely. They are unpredictable, often mixed with substances like fentanyl or xylazine, and can cause serious harm or death. If someone is struggling with substance use, professional treatment is the best way forward.

Still, we know some people continue to use. In those cases, there are a few things that can help prevent tragedy and protect lives:

1. Recognize the Risk of Fentanyl and Xylazine

Street drugs are often contaminated with dangerous additives. Fentanyl and xylazine are two of the most common, and both can cause rapid overdose. Because there’s no way to be certain what’s in a street drug, every single use carries serious risks.

2. Don’t Isolate

Overdoses are more deadly when no one is there to help. Having someone nearby who can call 911 or get medical attention can mean the difference between life and death.

effects-of-xylazine-overdose-deaths-don't-isolate-harm-reduction-measures-get-addiction-treatment-today-call-More-Than-Rehab-24/7-365-days-a-year-get-help-for-substance-use-disorders

3. Watch for Overdose Warning Signs

Shallow breathing, slowed heart rate, or unresponsiveness are medical emergencies. Don’t wait! Call 911 immediately if these symptoms appear.

4. Be Prepared for Emergencies

Naloxone (Narcan) can reverse many opioid overdoses, though it won’t work on xylazine. Even so, it can save lives if opioids are involved. CPR and calling emergency services right away are also critical steps.

5. Take Health Concerns Seriously

Wounds, infections, or other complications from drug use should never be ignored. These can quickly become life-threatening without proper medical care.

6. Understand the Dangers of Unknown Ingredients

Street drugs are unpredictable and often far more dangerous than they appear. Fentanyl, xylazine, and other synthetic additives can be mixed in without warning. That means every dose is potentially life-threatening, even if it looks familiar. Treating street drugs as “unknown and unsafe” is the only realistic way to approach them.

7. Remember That Treatment Is the Safest Path

While awareness and emergency measures can reduce risks, they don’t eliminate them. The only true way to avoid overdose and long-term harm is to stop using. Professional treatment provides medical support, safety, and the tools needed to break free from addiction. Recovery is possible, and help is available.

Get Help and Treatment

If you’re struggling with xylazine or other street drugs, the safest and most effective way forward is professional treatment. Some people try to quit on their own, but with xylazine, the risks are high and the worst could happen even with small amounts.

Treatment gives you support, guidance, and safety. In a professional program, you don’t just detox. You get help for polysubstance abuse, medical care for tranq wounds, and learn strategies to avoid relapse. You also learn how to recognize and manage the dangers of addictive drugs in a way that’s impossible to do alone.

You have options: you can try to quit yourself, but professional help dramatically increases your chances of staying safe and truly recovering. Drug rehab programs like More Than Rehab specialize in xylazine addiction treatment, helping people safely detox, heal, and rebuild their lives.

If xylazine is part of your drug use, don’t wait another day. Getting treatment now could save your life. Contact More Than Rehab to start your journey toward recovery.

888-249-2191

Where to Buy Fentanyl Testing Strips in Texas

If you're concerned about the presence of fentanyl in drugs you or someone you know may be using, fentanyl testing strips (FTS) can be an essential tool to help ensure your safety. These testing strips detect the presence of fentanyl in a sample of drugs, allowing you to make informed decisions about your drug use and potentially avoid overdose.

This article will outline where to buy fentanyl testing strips in Texas and provide information on their availability. But first, let's look at the fentanyl crisis in Texas and what the state is doing to combat the spread of fentanyl and save lives. 

 

What are Fentanyl Testing Strips?

Fentanyl testing strips are small pieces of paper coated with a chemical reagent that reacts to the presence of fentanyl. They work by detecting the presence of fentanyl in different drugs (heroin, meth, cocaine, etc.) and drug forms (powder, injectables, and pills). These drug testing technologies serve as harm reduction strategies, providing essential information about fentanyl in the illicit drug supply so they can take steps to reduce the risk of overdose. 

harm-reduction-Centers-for-Disease-Control-and-Prevention-CDC-Texas-law-instructions-on-how-to-use
Image courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 How to Use Fentanyl Test Strips:

  1. Prepare a small amount (at least 10mg) of the substance you want to test and place it in a clean, dry container.
  2. Add water to the container and mix the substance and water. For most drugs, you need ½ teaspoon of water. However, if you are testing methamphetamines, use one full teaspoon.
  3. Take the fentanyl test strip out of its packaging and hold it by the end without the wavy lines.
  4. Dip the wavy end of the test strip down into the mixture, ensuring the end is fully submerged in the liquid.
  5. Hold the strip in the liquid for about 15 seconds, allowing it to absorb the mixture fully.
  6. Remove it from the liquid and put it on a flat surface.
  7. Wait 2 to 5 minutes for the test results to appear.
  8. A single pink line indicates the presence of fentanyl or fentanyl analog in the drugs.
  9. Two pink lines indicate the absence of fentanyl or a fentanyl analog in the drugs. 

Fentanyl Crisis in Texas

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. When used for medical reasons, prescription opioids, including fentanyl, are safe and effective for pain relief. However, illicitly produced and distributed fentanyl is life-threatening and has contributed to the ongoing opioid crisis in Texas and the US. 

In recent years, fentanyl has been increasingly found in other illicit drugs such as counterfeit pills, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. And considering the potency of fentanyl, even a small amount can be deadly. This has led to a sharp increase in overdose deaths related to fentanyl use, as many people may not realize they are consuming the drug.

The opioid crisis is a public health crisis in Texas. According to the CDC, there were over 5,000 drug overdose cases in Texas between October 2021 and October 2022. Fatalities involving fentanyl in Texas increased 399%, from 333 deaths in 2019 to 1,662 deaths in 2021. And as mentioned earlier, most people who ingested "their substance of choice" had no idea it was laced with the synthetic opioid.

Drug dealers and suppliers often cut illicit drugs with substances like fentanyl to increase potency and profit margins. This has created a dangerous and unpredictable drug market in Texas, where individuals unknowingly risk their lives every time they use drugs.

fentanyl-overdose-death-pain-relief-withdrawal-symptoms-call-911-life-threatening-Texas-State-Legislature-Governor-Greg-Abbott

What's Being Done to Combat the Fentanyl Crisis?

The recent push for the legalization of fentanyl testing strips in Texas is part of a larger effort to combat the ongoing opioid crisis in the state. Like many other states, Texas has seen a surge in fentanyl-related deaths in recent years, and lawmakers are looking for solutions to this crisis. 

In response to the opioid epidemic, the state launched the "Texas Fights Fentanyl" campaign in 2021 to raise awareness about the dangers of fentanyl and promote prevention efforts. Furthermore, on April 11th, 2023, the Texas House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted to legalize fentanyl testing strips, with the bill now heading to the Senate for approval.  

The bill, authored by Rep. Tom Oliverson, R-Harris County, would allow the sale and distribution of fentanyl testing strips to the public, which can help individuals test their drugs for the presence of fentanyl. 

If the bill is passed, it would mean that drug users could test their drugs for fentanyl before consuming them, potentially saving countless lives. Employers could also use fentanyl testing strips to test their employees for drug use, particularly in industries where safety is a concern. 

Are Fentanyl Testing Strips Banned in Texas?

Unfortunately, at the moment, these strips are classified as paraphernalia and are, therefore, illegal for people to perform tests for recreational use. This legal classification has limited the availability and accessibility of these life-saving testing strips, leaving many individuals at risk of accidental fentanyl poisoning.

Accessing Fentanyl Test Strips in TX

Currently, fentanyl test strips are banned in Texas, and carrying them is a crime. However, if you are a healthcare professional or a law enforcement agency looking to purchase fentanyl test strips for legitimate purposes, you may be able to obtain them from your local health department, needle exchange program, community-based organization, or online retailers that specialize in drug testing products. Some reputable companies that sell fentanyl test strips include bankpolice.com, amazon, and dancesafe.org. 

Texas,State,Captol,Building,In,Austin,,Texas

More Drug Overdose Prevention Strategies

Fentanyl testing strips is just one tool in the toolbox of effective drug overdose prevention strategies. Other strategies include the following:

As the fentanyl crisis continues to devastate communities in Texas and across the United States, it's essential to take action to protect yourself and your loved ones. A critical tool in this fight is fentanyl testing strips, which can help identify the presence of this dangerous drug in other substances.

However, these strips are not foolproof and should be used with other harm reduction strategies, such as seeking professional addiction treatment.

If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, we highly recommend seeking the help of a reputable treatment center like More Than Rehab. Our experienced and compassionate team can provide the support and guidance needed to overcome addiction and start on the path to recovery. We offer various services, including detox, inpatient and outpatient, and mental health services. Remember, addiction is a disease, but it is treatable.

888-249-2191

Do Harm Reduction Efforts Actually Lower Addiction Rates?

In recent years, there has been a growing movement in the United States to adopt harm reduction strategies when it comes to drug addiction and overdose. Harm reduction is a public health approach that focuses on reducing the negative consequences of risky behaviors rather than on eliminating the behaviors themselves. Proponents of harm reduction argue that this approach is more realistic and effective than traditional approaches that focus on abstinence.

There is some evidence to support this claim. For example, a study of needle exchange programs in the United States found that these programs were associated with lower rates of HIV/HSV infections among injection drug users. Another study by SAMHSA notes that these programs save lives by being accessible and available in a way that underlines the need for compassion and humility toward people who use drugs. 

drug-related-harm-reduction-health-care-drug-checking-law-enforcement

SAMHSA adds that harm reduction programs provide access to treatment, social services, and health care. They reduce chronic diseases such as HIV/HCV, overdose deaths, and acute life-threatening infections related to unsterile drug injection.

However, it is important to note that harm reduction efforts alone are not enough to address the underlying causes of addiction; they must be part of a comprehensive strategy that includes prevention, treatment, and recovery services. Nevertheless, harm reduction programs can play an important role in saving lives and reducing the harms associated with drug use.

What is Harm Reduction, and what are its Goals?

Harm reduction is a public health approach that seeks to minimize the harms associated with harmful behaviors. It is rooted in the belief that people have the right to make their own choices about their health and well-being and that everyone has the potential to reduce the harms they experience.

Harm reduction approaches provide a non-judgmental way to connect people with services and support. By focusing on reducing harm rather than on eliminating risk, harm reduction provides a more realistic and achievable goal for many people. As a result, it has the potential to improve individual and population health outcomes. The principles of harm reduction include:

·       Respect for autonomy: People should be free to choose their health and well-being without coercion or judgment.

·       Meeting people where they are: Services and support should be tailored to meet the needs of each individual, based on their unique circumstances.

·       Harm reduction is not abstinence: The focus is on reducing harm, not eliminating all risk.

·       Harm reduction is pragmatic: It recognizes that people will engage in risky behaviors and seeks to minimize the associated harm.

·       Harm reduction is evidence-based: It is based on the best available evidence rather than ideology. Harm Reduction Programs and Services A variety of harm reduction strategies can be employed to achieve the goals.

Some common harm reduction strategies include:

Needle Exchange Programs

Needle exchange programs provide clean needles and syringes to people who inject drugs to reduce the risk of HIV, AIDS and other blood-borne diseases. These programs also provide other services such as counseling, referrals to addiction treatment and recovery services, and access to naloxone, a medication that can reverse an opioid overdose.

Nearly three-decade of research has shown that these programs were associated with lower rates of HIV, hepatitis, and other infections. The research also found that SSP users are 5x more likely to enter drug treatment and about 3x more likely to stop using drugs than those who don't use the programs.

needle-exchange-program-infectious-disease-electronic-music-addiction-treatment-medication-assisted-treatment

The Use of Federal Funding to Purchase Fentanyl Strips

Fentanyl strips test for the presence of fentanyl in drugs. Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is up to 100 times more potent than heroin. It is often mixed with other drugs without the user's knowledge, which can lead to accidental overdoses.

Drug checking with fentanyl strips can reduce this. The US government has funded states and localities to purchase fentanyl strips as a harm reduction measure. The strips can be used to test drugs for the presence of fentanyl, which can help users make informed decisions about whether or not to use them.

Providing Safer Consumption Spaces

Safer consumption spaces are places where people can consume drugs under the supervision of trained staff. These spaces can provide various services, including access to clean needles and syringes, naloxone, counseling, and referrals to addiction treatment and recovery services. They also educate individuals on how to reduce substance use and drug-related harm and curb the spread of infectious diseases. Today, over 66 safe consumption spaces are operating with the approval of law enforcement worldwide, including in Europe, Canada, and Australia. 

Increasing Access to Opioid Overdose Reversal Treatments

Opioid overdose reversal treatments, such as Narcan® or naloxone, can save lives by reversing the effects of an opioid overdose. Naloxone is a medication that can be administered by injection or nasal spray, and it is available without a prescription in many states. Many states have implemented standing orders programs, which allow health care providers to prescribe naloxone to people who may be at risk of overdosing. The drugs can also be issued to friends and family members of people who use opioids.

drug-related-harm-family-members-opioid-overdose-health-care-narcan-naloxone-save-lives-Austin-TX
Naloxone used to block the effects of opioids medication Oxycodone Morphine to save life in emergency case

Know Your Source

Know Your Source is a harm reduction program in Vancouver, Canada, that provides information about the purity and potency of drugs to users. The program also encourages users to inject slowly, use in the presence of a sober friend and be aware of the early signs of overdose and how to use naloxone. 

Medication Assisted Treatment

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is a harm reduction approach that combines behavioral therapy with medications to treat substance use disorders. MAT is used to treat opioid addiction and effectively reduces the risk of overdose and death.

These are just a few examples of harm reduction programs and services that can be employed to reduce the risks associated with substance use. Many other harm reduction strategies can be used, and the best approach will vary depending on the community's needs. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, resources are available to help. Treatment and recovery services can provide the support you need to overcome addiction and build a healthier, happier life.

888-249-2191