Buprenorphine: A Lifeline for Opioid Addiction Recovery

Buprenorphine is the first line of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). It helps people with opioid addiction to safely withdraw from the drugs without the euphoria and dangerous side effects. Buprenorphine serves as a substitute for the opioid being abused, so the patient has minimal discomfort and is able to focus on their recovery. It’s prescribed as part of an evidence-based comprehensive treatment plan that includes therapy and services to heal the whole person.

Buprenorphine is also used as a pain reliever for people with acute or chronic pain. But doctors only prescribe it if they think other treatment options won’t effectively manage the pain or if other medicines aren’t suitable for your situation.

Opioid Addiction Overview

Opioid addiction is a serious public health issue. It affects more than 16 million people globally and over 2.1 million people in the US. According to the CDC, about 81,083 people in the US lost their lives due to opioid overdose deaths in 2023 alone. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration notes that most of the deaths involving opioids are driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl.

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Opioids, whether prescribed or illicit drugs like heroin or fentanyl, can create physical dependence, making it difficult to quit. This is where buprenorphine comes in — it’s a key player in addiction treatment, helping people manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of relapse.

What Does Buprenorphine Look Like?

Buprenorphine comes in different forms, including tablets, film strips, or implants. You might hear about it under brand names like Suboxone, which is a blend of buprenorphine and naloxone. The medication is prescribed by healthcare professionals trained in addiction treatment and taken either sublingually (under the tongue), as a skin patch, or through injection.

How Does Buprenorphine Work?

Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist, which means it binds to the same receptors in the brain as opioids but doesn’t produce the same intense euphoria or dangerous side effects. Instead, it inhibits cravings and helps manage withdrawal symptoms. Buprenorphine has a ceiling effect. So, after a certain dose, taking more won’t increase its effects. This:

Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorders

Buprenorphine helps people recover from OUD. But in order for it to work, you must stop using opioids for at least 12-24 hours and be in the early stages of withdrawal. This timing is important because starting buprenorphine while opioids are still in your system can trigger acute withdrawal, which is something you want to avoid.

Once you begin the therapy and your cravings are under control, your doctor will closely monitor how your body responds. As you progress in treatment, they may adjust your dose to make sure you’re getting the right amount to manage symptoms without unnecessary side effects. One of the benefits of buprenorphine is its long-acting nature. Once you’re stabilized, you may be able to switch from daily dosing to taking it every other day, which can be more convenient.

The length of time you’ll stay on the medication depends on your individual needs. Some people require long-term or even indefinite treatment to maintain their recovery, and that’s perfectly okay. Buprenorphine helps prevent relapse, but ongoing support, whether through counseling or other forms of therapy, can further strengthen your recovery journey.

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Buprenorphine As Part of Medication-Assisted Therapy (MAT)

Buprenorphine is most effective when it’s part of a medication-assisted treatment (MAT) program. MAT blends medication with counseling and behavioral therapies to provide a whole-person approach to recovery. The Food and Drug Administration has approved buprenorphine for this purpose, and it has proven to be a highly effective, evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder. Managing the physical aspects of addiction allows MAT to reduce relapse rates and improve long-term success.

What Are the Possible Side Effects of Buprenorphine?

Like all medications, Suboxone buprenorphine can have side effects. Common side effects are constipation, headache and nausea. Some people may experience dizziness or drowsiness, especially when starting treatment. It’s important to talk to your doctor if you notice more severe side effects like trouble breathing or allergic reactions. However, when used as prescribed, the drug is generally safe and well-tolerated.

Risks Associated with Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine also carries some risks. Misuse can still happen, especially if it’s combined with other substances like alcohol or sedatives. That’s why a doctor should closely monitor your progress through medication assisted therapy. Also, patients need to follow their doctor’s instructions carefully, as taking too much or stopping suddenly can lead to withdrawal symptoms. Despite these risks, buprenorphine remains a safe and effective treatment option when used correctly.

What Are Buprenorphine Alternatives?

While buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder, it’s not the only option. Methadone is another commonly used medication. It’s similar in that it helps manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings, but it’s typically provided in specialized clinics. Methadone can be a better option for people with higher levels of physical dependence, as it may be more effective in those cases.

If you’re currently on methadone and considering switching to buprenorphine, it’s important to talk to your doctor first. Switching from methadone to buprenorphine is possible, but because the two medications work differently, some patients find the transition challenging. A dose of buprenorphine works well for moderate levels of opioid dependence, but if you’ve been on a high dose of methadone, you might not experience the same level of relief. It’s important to have this conversation with your doctor to understand how switching could affect your treatment.

On the other hand, if you’re currently using buprenorphine and feel it’s not working as well as you’d like, switching to methadone may be an option. Your healthcare provider can help guide you through these decisions to find the best treatment for your needs.

MAT Treatment at More Than Rehab

At More Than Rehab, we understand that recovery is unique for everyone. Our comprehensive MAT programs, including buprenorphine treatment, are tailored to meet your needs, offering you the support and guidance necessary for lasting recovery. If you or a loved one are ready to start your journey to a healthier, opioid-free life, reach out to us today. We’re here to help every step of the way.

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Borderline Crisis: How Fentanyl is Crossing the US-Mexico Border

Synthetic opioids like fentanyl are the leading course of overdose deaths in the US. New data from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics shows that there were an estimated 81,083 opioid-related deaths in 2023. While this marks a slight decrease from the 84,181 deaths recorded in 2022, the numbers remain staggering and underscore the ongoing threat fentanyl poses to communities nationwide. Most of the fentanyl in the United States is smuggled across the US-Mexico border.

Our border with Mexico has become a major front in the fight against the opioid crisis. Despite efforts to tighten security, traffickers keep finding new ways to sneak the drug in. Mexican drug cartels have set up complex smuggling operations. They recruit US citizens to carry fentanyl across the border, hiding it in cars, trucks, and personal items.

How Fentanyl is Crossing the US-Mexico Border

Seizure reports show that the pounds of drugs seized at the border are trending down. But this is mostly only true for heavier, less potent drugs like marijuana. Seizures of fentanyl, which is 100 times more potent than morphine, is up significantly. In fact, it’s 480% higher at the southern border in 2023 compared to 2020.

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The US-Mexico southern border stretches approximately 1,954 miles, crossing four states: California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. This long expanse includes about 26 official land ports of entry, where people, vehicles, and goods are legally allowed to cross between the two countries. These ports are crucial points for trade and travel but also serve as primary routes for smuggling fentanyl and other illicit drugs into the United States.

So, how does fentanyl get in the country?

You might be surprised to learn that most of the fentanyl coming into the US isn’t being smuggled by migrants—it’s often US citizens doing the job. Cartels recruit Americans because they can cross the border without drawing as much attention. They get paid well to hide fentanyl in cars, trucks, and even everyday items like food packages or clothes. Most of this drug trafficking happens right at official border crossings, like the busy ports of entry in San Diego and El Paso.

The Mexican cartels—mainly the Sinaloa and Jalisco New Generation cartels—have this down to a science. They use all kinds of tricks to get fentanyl past border agents. We’re talking about false compartments in cars, blending drugs with legal goods, and even hiding fentanyl pills or powder in shoes or personal items. It’s a cat-and-mouse game that’s constantly evolving, and the cartels are always finding new ways to beat the system.

Despite increased security measures, the sheer size of the border and the volume of traffic make it a challenging task for border patrol and customs agents to effectively monitor and intercept every illegal shipment that passes through.

What the US is Doing to Fight Back

The Biden Administration has been trying to crack down on this by going after the supply chain, especially the chemicals used to make fentanyl. Most of these chemicals come from China, and without them, cartels can’t produce fentanyl at the same scale.

Since 2019, China has cut down on sending fentanyl directly to the US. This is a big change noted by the DEA. However, China still plays a major role in the fentanyl crisis as it supplies the chemicals used to make fentanyl in Mexico and other Central American countries. These chemicals are shipped to Mexico, where cartels turn them into the fentanyl that floods the US.

So, the US has been pushing a foreign policy with China that will help tighten the rules on these chemicals. It’s a step in the right direction because if we can cut off the supply of these chemicals, we can slow down the production of fentanyl.

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Federal law enforcement is also working hard to break up cartel operations. They’re going after the money trails that fund these groups and are working with Mexican authorities to shut down labs where fentanyl powder is made. At the same time, US agencies are stepping up their game at the border, using more advanced tech like X-ray machines and drug detectors to spot hidden stashes of fentanyl. They’re also training customs and border protection agents to spot the tricks smugglers use.

But let’s be real—the cartels are always adapting, so it’s a constant battle. For example, fentanyl comes in many forms, and each version can be made using different chemicals. Cartels keep switching up how they make the drug, finding new chemicals that are easy to get.

It’s like a never-ending chase between cartels trying to make money and governments trying to stop them. It’s a dangerous game, and both sides are constantly trying to outsmart each other.

The Real Impact of Fentanyl

Illicit fentanyl is incredibly dangerous. It only takes a tiny amount—just two milligrams, about the size of a few grains of salt—to be deadly. That’s why fentanyl is so lethal and why it’s driving the overdose crisis in the United States. Here are some dangerous impacts of fentanyl and why it’s a public health concern:

Why Fentanyl is So Dangerous?

Fentanyl is often mixed with other drugs like cocaine, methamphetamine, and fake prescription pills. This isn’t an accident; it’s a deliberate move by cartels to make their products more potent and addictive. But it’s incredibly risky because users often don’t know fentanyl is in what they’re taking. This turns every dose into a deadly gamble.

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Fentanyl Overdose Deaths

Fentanyl remains the deadliest drug in the United States, and despite a slight drop in 2023, the crisis is far from over. For the first time since 2018, overdose deaths declined, but the numbers are still staggering. Over 100,000 Americans lost their lives to drug overdoses last year, and fentanyl was responsible for about 75,000 of those deaths.

It’s Everywhere and It’s Overwhelming

Fentanyl has flooded the streets, and it’s not just in big cities. It’s in small towns, suburbs, and communities that never thought they’d face a drug crisis like this. It’s cheap to make and easy to transport, which is why it’s turning up all over the country.

The strain on our healthcare system is enormous. Emergency rooms are overwhelmed with overdose cases, and the cost of treating these emergencies is skyrocketing. First responders use drugs like Narcan every day to save lives, but it’s just a Band-Aid on a much bigger wound.

The battle against fentanyl is tough, but it’s one we can’t afford to lose. Let’s take action now to protect our loved ones and build a safer future.

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Maximizing Texas’s Opioid Settlement: Investing in Treatment & Rehabilitation

The US has been experiencing an opioid crisis since the mid-90s. This was around the time when there was a shift in how doctors prescribed pain medication. Pharmaceutical companies downplayed the addictive potential of opioids, and doctors were encouraged to prescribe them more liberally for chronic pain. Sadly, this led to a significant increase in the number of people taking prescription opioids like Percocet and OxyContin.

As more people were exposed to opioids, rates of addiction and misuse skyrocketed. Many who became addicted to prescription drugs eventually turned to cheaper, more dangerous alternatives like heroin, further inflating overdose deaths. The rise in opioid overdose deaths paralleled the increase in opioid prescriptions, highlighting a clear link between the two. 

After the CDC survey that found over 10 million patients misused prescription opioids in 2018, it, along with states like Texas, declared an opioid epidemic and changed prescription standards. Texas and 13 other states took the drug companies to court, with both Democrat and Republican attorneys general teaming up to sue. 

In July 2021, a significant agreement was made: Johnson & Johnson and three drug distributors agreed to cough up $26 billion to settle the case. But other settlements, including with OcyContin manufacturer Purdue Pharma, are still pending. Texas is expected to get about $1.6 billion from six companies over 18 years as part of these settlement agreements.

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The Current State of Opioid Addiction in Texas

Texas is experiencing a drug poisoning epidemic. According to surveys, deaths from poisoning in the state increased by more than 75% in just five years. In 2017, the rate was 9.4 deaths per 100,000, and that nearly doubled to 15.8 deaths per 100,000 residents in 2021.

Although the prescription of opioids by doctors in Texas has reduced over the last few years, overdose deaths from illegally manufactured fentanyl continue to rise. A CDC report estimates 5,566 drug-related deaths occurred in Texas between August 2022 and August 2023. 45% of these deaths involved fentanyl.

The human cost of opioid addiction is immense. For every statistic, there’s a person and a story—a family member, a friend, or a neighbor whose life has been affected. Beyond that, the opioid epidemic is putting a strain on all levels of care. Hospitals and emergency services are overwhelmed by the number of overdose cases they handle daily.

This strain makes it harder for everyone to get the care they need. Local resources such as law enforcement and social services are also stretched thin trying to manage the wide-ranging consequences of the opioid crisis. 

The Potential Impact of Strategic Investments 

The $1.6 billion settlement presents a significant opportunity for Texas to combat the opioid crisis effectively through strategic investments. Proper allocation of these funds can profoundly impact the state's ability to support the people who are struggling with addiction, improve public health, and reduce the overall burden of the crisis.

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Let’s explore some key areas where strategic investments can make a difference:

Expansion of Treatment Facilities

There’s a need for more treatment facilities so more people can get the help they desperately need. With more money, we can build new treatment centers and improve upon the ones we already have. This means people won’t have to wait so long to get care. These centers can offer a variety of services like detox, inpatient and intensive outpatient treatments, and special treatments for mental health conditions. More facilities means increasing the number of beds, doctors, and nurses, which ultimately leads to saving more lives.

Enhancement of Recovery Support Services

The money can also go to recovery support to give people the tools they need to rebuild their lives. This includes access to counseling and therapy, which are crucial for long-term recovery. Programs that offer stable housing and job training can help people recover and stay sober.

We can also create peer support groups and mentorship programs where people who have been through recovery can offer support and advice. These services build a strong support network that can make a huge difference.

Implementation of Prevention Programs

Preventing addiction before it starts is key to tackling the opioid crisis. When we invest in prevention programs, we can educate communities about the dangers of opioid misuse and teach healthy coping strategies.

Schools, workplaces, and community centers can run educational programs to raise awareness. Early intervention programs can identify at-risk people and help them before things worsen. Strengthening prescription monitoring systems can also prevent misuse and diversion of opioids. Prevention efforts can stop the cycle of addiction before it starts, saving lives and reducing the impact of the crisis. 

Misallocation of Opioid Settlement Funds Raises Concerns

In the wake of the opioid crisis, states across the country have received significant settlement funds intended to combat addiction and support affected communities. However, there are growing concerns about how these funds are being used. Instead of directing the money towards prevention and treatment options, some states are spending it on things like new police cars and slush funds that don't directly help those struggling with substance use disorders.

Police Cars and Equipment

In several states, portions of the opioid settlement funds have been used to buy new police cars and other law enforcement equipment. While law enforcement is crucial in addressing the crisis, these expenditures don’t provide the necessary treatment or support for individuals battling addiction.

Filling Budget Gaps

Some states use the funds to cover general budget shortfalls or unrelated projects. This means the money isn’t going to addiction treatment or prevention programs, which undermines efforts to combat the opioid epidemic.

Lack of Transparency

In some instances, funds have been placed into slush funds with little oversight or accountability. Without explicit tracking, it’s hard to ensure the money is being used to help those who need it most.

The Need for Transparency and Accountability

Unless the state and local governments put the funds to good use, they won’t help those affected. The state can ensure this happens by:

  1. Establishing robust oversight mechanisms. This includes transparent reporting, regular audits, and involving community stakeholders in decision-making processes.
  2. Learning from the missteps of other states, where funds have been diverted to unrelated expenses like new police cars and slush funds, Texas must commit to using the settlement money exclusively for addressing the opioid crisis.
  3. Strategically allocating funds to areas with the highest need and potential impact. This way, Texas can maximize the benefits of the settlement, supporting recovery, reducing overdose deaths, and ultimately diminishing the overall opioid crisis in the state.
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How to Track Fund Usage in Your Community

There are several resources available to help track the allocation and use of opioid settlement funds:

News Sites

While the information might not be readily available, some platforms, like KFF Health News, have made it public after negotiations.

Government Websites

Check state and local government websites for information on fund allocation and spending. Look for sections on budget reports, public health initiatives, or opioid response plans. BrownGeer, a court-appointed firm administering the settlements, also shares the information on a public website.

Public Records Requests

You can file public records requests to obtain detailed information about funds' use. Do this through state or local government offices handling public information requests.

Community Advocacy Groups

Local advocacy groups focused on addiction and public health, such as the Texas Harm Reduction Alliance and the Texas Overdose Naloxone Initiative (TONI), can be valuable resources for information and action.

Opioid Addiction Treatment at More Than Rehab

At More Than Rehab, we’re committed to making a real impact. We offer comprehensive care, from detox and therapy to long-term support and education. Our mission is to provide a safe, supportive environment where people can recover and thrive.

With the right investments and a commitment to transparency and effectiveness, we can make a significant difference in the fight against the opioid crisis in Texas. Let’s work together to ensure these funds are used to their fullest potential, helping those in need and building healthier communities across our state.

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Dark Web Markets & the Changing Face of Narcotics Distribution

The dark web can be a helpful tool for ensuring private communication or sourcing legitimate products. But it is also a hotspot for illegal internet activity. People turn to this part of the internet to buy, sell, or exchange a variety of illicit goods and services, including narcotics. And with over 2.5 million daily dark web visitors, the digital drug trade has become a significant and concerning aspect of illicit online activities.

How the Dark Web Has Revolutionized the Narcotics Trade

The way ecommerce has changed how we do business in the same way the internet has changed the drug dealing landscape in the 21st century. Today, people can order virtually any illicit drug with a click of a button and have it delivered to their doorstep within hours or days. Buyers are attracted to crypto markets to buy narcotics due to the perceived increase in safety, variety, enhanced quality, and speed/ease of delivery. Besides, there’s no dealing with intermediaries and longer supply chains.   

The sale and marketing of illicit substances on the web can happen on different levels:

But since conducting such business on the clean web and social media platforms comes with unwanted scrutiny from the authorities, many turn to the dark web.

What is Dark Web (darknets)

Dark web concept illustrating narcotics distribution with a hacker attacking a server a focus for law enforcement

The dark web, sometimes called darknets, is a part of the internet that exists on overlay networks and requires specific software, configurations, or authorization. The dark web is intentionally hidden and is known for hosting various activities, prioritizing privacy and anonymity. To understand the dark web better, let’s look at the other layers of the internet.

Narcotics Trade on Dark Web Markets

The narcotics trade on dark web markets operates in a covert and decentralized manner, leveraging technology to facilitate illegal transactions while attempting to maintain a level of anonymity for both buyers and sellers. Here’s how the trade works:

Creation of Darknet Markets

Darknet markets are online platforms that operate on the dark web, providing a space for users to buy and sell narcotics and other drugs. These markets often operate as peer-to-peer networks, connecting buyers with sellers and dealers.

Access and Anonymity

The dark web isn't indexed by or accessible through search engines – which makes it an asset for those who buy and sell narcotics. Users access darknet markets using specialized software like Tor (The Onion Router) to conceal their IP addresses and maintain anonymity. Tor routes users' internet traffic through volunteer-operated servers, creating layers like an onion (hence the name). This allows them to browse and participate in transactions without easily revealing their real-world identities.

CryptoCurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin)

Cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin, are the primary form of payment on dark web markets. Buyers and sellers use cryptocurrencies due to their pseudo-anonymous nature. Transactions made with Bitcoin are recorded on a public ledger (blockchain), but the individuals' identities are not necessarily tied to their wallet addresses. 

Cryptocurrencies add a layer of anonymity for buyers and sellers on the dark web. It makes financial transactions more difficult to trace compared to traditional payment methods – another asset for those who deal and buy drugs.

Communication and Encryption

Buyers and sellers often communicate through encrypted messaging systems within the darknet market. This adds a layer of privacy to conversations. Encryption prevents third parties, including law enforcement, from easily intercepting or deciphering messages.

Shipping and Stealth Packaging

Vendors on dark web markets often ship narcotics using discreet and stealth packaging to avoid detection during transit. Methods may include vacuum sealing, decoy packaging, or using materials that mask the scent of the substances. Sellers may also provide tracking information to buyers.

Detection and Intervention Modes

Law enforcement tackling digital drug trade through advanced drug prevention and detection intervention modes

Law enforcement agencies use the following strategies to detect and intervene in facilitated drug trade:

But despite this, law enforcement faces numerous challenges in combating digital drug trades on the dark web. These include:

Difficulty Uncovering Real-World Identities

Using anonymizing tools like Tor and encryption technologies makes it challenging for law enforcement to trace the identity and location of individuals involved in digital drug trades. Transactions and communications are shrouded in layers of privacy, making it difficult to uncover users' real-world identities.

Global Nature of the Dark Web

The dark web operates globally, and illicit activities may involve actors from different countries. Coordinating efforts across international jurisdictions poses a challenge for law enforcement agencies, as legal frameworks and resources vary widely.

Constant Adaptation of Criminal Tactics

Criminals on the dark web are quick to adapt to new technologies and law enforcement tactics. As authorities develop strategies to identify and apprehend those involved in digital drug trades, criminals respond by evolving their methods, making it a constant game of cat and mouse.

Decentralized Nature of Darknet Markets

Darknet markets are often decentralized and operate on a peer-to-peer model. Shutting down one marketplace does not necessarily eliminate the trade; new platforms may quickly emerge. This makes it challenging for law enforcement to target and dismantle these networks effectively.

Implication for Users

Although users enjoy privacy on the dark web due to its anonymity, this double-edged sword comes with several user risks and implications as discussed below:

Risk of Scams and Fraud

The lack of regulation on online platforms for drug trade opens users to the risk of scams and fraud. Sellers may misrepresent products, fail to deliver, or engage in other fraudulent activities, leading to financial losses for buyers.

Health and Safety Risks

Users may unknowingly purchase substances with unpredictable compositions, harmful additives, or incorrect dosages. This poses serious health risks, including the potential for overdose, poisoning, or other adverse reactions.

Vulnerability to Exploitation

Users engaging in internet-facilitated drug trade may be vulnerable to exploitation by malicious actors. Scammers, hackers, or violent individuals might take advantage of users' activities for personal gain, leading to financial or personal harm.

Difficulty in Quitting

The ease of access and perceived anonymity provided by online platforms may make it challenging for users to quit or seek help for potential addiction issues. The discreet nature of online transactions may delay or hinder individuals from accessing the necessary support and treatment.

That said, if you ever thought of purchasing drugs on the crypto markets, know that law enforcement is fully aware of what’s happening. Many buyers have had DEA agents show up at their doorsteps instead of the drug package they were expecting.

Purchasing narcotics online places you at risk of federal charges. Add that to the fact you may not know all the ingredients that are in the drugs you’re ordering from an anonymous dealer. It’s all too risky. If you’re struggling with addiction, it’s best to seek addiction help right away. 

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Synthetic Opioids: The Invisible Epidemic

The 2022 provisional data showed that over 68% of the reported 107,081 drug overdose deaths in the US involved synthetic opioids other than methadone. According to the CDC, illicitly manufactured fentanyl was the primary driver of these deaths, accounting for nearly 73,654 of all overdose deaths. Fentanyl deaths have increased every year since 2012. In addition, fentanyl analogs like carfentanil, furanylfentanyl, and acetylfentanyl are being detected more in overdose deaths.

Not since the HIV/AIDs crisis has the US faced a lethal and devastating public health issue as the current opioid crisis. More people die each year of drug overdoses than died in the entirety of the Korean War, Vietnam War, or any armed conflict since WWII.

What are Synthetic Opioids?

Synthetic opioids are a class of powerful and man-made drugs designed to replicate the effects of natural opioids, such as morphine and heroin. These substances are chemically synthesized in laboratories, and they differ significantly from natural opioids due to their artificial origins and, most notably, their potency.

Drug Potency and Overdose Risk

The potency of synthetic opioids is a defining and devastating characteristic. Fentanyl, for instance, is estimated to be between 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. Carfentanil is estimated to be 10,000 times stronger than morphine. Such extreme potency means that only a minuscule amount of the drug is sufficient to produce a powerful effect. This, in turn, significantly amplifies the risk of overdose.

Fentanyl is not a newcomer to the opioid scene, as it has legitimate medical uses for pain management. However, the illicit production and distribution of this drug have exacerbated the opioid crisis significantly. The clandestine production of fentanyl, often mixed with other drugs like heroin or cocaine, poses an enormous risk to users who may unknowingly ingest a lethal dose. 

The unpredictability of synthetic opioids further compounds the dangers. Street drugs laced with these substances may not be uniform in composition, leading to variability in strength and effects. This makes it difficult for users to gauge the risk accurately, and even experienced individuals can inadvertently consume a lethal dose.

Understanding the Opioid Epidemic: When Did It All Start?

Understanding the opioid epidemic with synthetic opioids substance abuse and drug potency showing a bottle of prescription drugs and hydrocodone pills

The opioid overdose epidemic in the United States can be divided into three distinct waves, each marked by different factors and substances involved.

The First Wave (1990s)

The first wave of the opioid overdose epidemic began in the 1990s with the increased prescribing of opioids, particularly prescription painkillers. During this period, there was a surge in the prescription of opioids, including natural and semi-synthetic opioids like oxycodone and hydrocodone, as well as methadone.

Overdose deaths involving these prescription opioids began to increase during this time, with a notable rise since at least 1999. This wave was primarily driven by the overprescribing of opioids for pain management.

The Second Wave (2010)

The second wave started around 2010 and was marked by rapid increases in overdose deaths involving heroin. This shift was partially a consequence of the first wave. As the medical community and authorities began to recognize the overprescribing of prescription opioids, efforts were made to reduce their availability, which led some individuals to turn to heroin as a cheaper and more accessible alternative.

This wave was characterized by a surge in the use of heroin and its associated overdose deaths.

Third Wave (2013)

The third wave began in 2013, with significant increases in overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids, especially illicitly manufactured fentanyl. Illicit fentanyl, which is much more potent than heroin and prescription opioids, became a primary driver of overdose deaths.

The market for illicitly manufactured fentanyl evolved, and it started to appear not only on its own but also in combination with other drugs, such as heroin, counterfeit pills, and cocaine. This made drug use riskier as users often didn't know what substances were in the drugs they were consuming.

This wave was marked by the rise of synthetic opioids, particularly illicit fentanyl, and their association with a substantial number of overdose deaths.

Challenges in Detection and Regulation

Synthetic opioids substance abuse and drug potency issues represented by fentanyl syringes anesthetics and muscle relaxers highlighting the opioid epidemic and narcotic misuse crisis

There are numerous origins and types of opioids in the market, which makes it hard for the authorities to detect, let alone regulate, these drugs. Let’s explore the reasons behind the detection challenges and regulation difficulties surrounding opioids. 

Evolving Chemical Structures

Illicit manufacturers of synthetic opioids continually alter the chemical structures of these drugs to evade legal restrictions. This "cat and mouse" game with law enforcement makes it difficult to keep up with the constantly changing landscape of these substances.

Online Sales and Dark Web Marketplaces

The internet has become a major distribution platform for synthetic opioids. Dark web marketplaces and online sales have made these drugs accessible to a global audience, rendering traditional law enforcement and border control methods less effective.

Lack of Regulatory Oversight

The lack of regulatory oversight on the production and distribution of synthetic opioids contributes to their proliferation. Many of these drugs are manufactured in unregulated facilities, making it nearly impossible to ensure quality control or safety.

Analog Substances

The existence of analog substances compounds the difficulty of regulation. Even when specific synthetic opioids are banned, analogs with minor chemical variations can emerge, circumventing legal restrictions.

The Need for Increased Awareness

Behind the statistics and headlines are real people, families, and communities affected by the synthetic opioid crisis. Lives are shattered, and the social and economic costs are immense. The opioid epidemic has created a public health crisis of unprecedented proportions.

There is a need to increase public awareness about the dangers of synthetic opioids. Educational campaigns can inform individuals about the risks associated with these drugs, making them more cautious and informed when confronted with them.

Harm reduction strategies and the distribution of naloxone (a life-saving opioid overdose antidote) are vital steps in reducing the harm caused by synthetic drugs. Safe injection sites also provide a controlled environment for users to minimize risks and seek support.

Above all, preventive measures like prescriber education, monitoring prescription practices, and improving access to addiction treatment can go a long way in combating the synthetic opioid crisis.

Rehabilitation and Treatment Options

The opioid epidemic has exacted a heavy toll on individuals and communities. While efforts to raise drug awareness, prevent overdose, and regulate these potent substances are critical, they must be accompanied by robust rehabilitation and treatment options to help those already affected.

Substance abuse is a medical condition, and treatment and rehabilitation options are essential. Rehab programs can provide the necessary support for individuals struggling with synthetic opioid addiction. But it’s equally important for the stakeholders to reduce barriers to treatment, such as cost or location. This will improve the likelihood of individuals seeking and continuing treatment. 

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The War on Drugs: More Harm than Good?

Drug offenses are the number one reason for arrest in the US. According to sources, over 1.16 million arrests are made for drug law violations each year. Sadly, these arrests disproportionately affect Black, Latinx, and Indigenous people.

Five decades after President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse "public enemy number one" and allocated significant resources to combat it, about 83% of Americans believe that the policy has been a failure. In one poll:

The campaign led to the creation of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), a US federal law enforcement agency responsible for enforcing controlled substances laws and regulations. The drug enforcement agency works to prevent the diversion of prescription medications, combat drug-related crime, and regulate the legal production and distribution of controlled substances.

More Harm than Good?

Illegal drug production depicting the consequences of the war on drugs including mass incarceration and drug related violence

The question of whether the War on Drugs initiative has done more harm than good is a subject of ongoing debate. The perspectives on this issue can vary widely, and the assessment of its impact depends on one's viewpoint and the specific aspects being considered.

Proponents argue that:

However, a majority of Americans believe that it’s a failed initiative. If one considers the historical beginnings, the things that were supposed improve – people stopping using drugs, communities getting back together, getting drugs off the street, and everyone being safe – didn’t happen.

Although there was a sharp decline in illicit drug use in the earlier years, the drug problem is increasing in the country and at an alarming rate. According to SAMHSA, the number of people 12 years or older using illicit drugs shot to 13% in 2019, almost reaching its peak from four decades ago. If the initiative was meant to reduce drug use and prevent drug-related deaths, it has not made much progress. If anything, it has played a part in:

Increased Incarceration Rates

The massive increase in incarceration rates, particularly for non-violent drug offenses, is one of the most compelling arguments against the War on Drugs. While proponents argue that incarcerating drug offenders serves as a deterrent, the reality is that it has led to an unprecedented surge in the US prison population.

This has placed a considerable burden on the criminal justice system and fueled concerns about fairness and racial disparities. Incarceration also harms people. It blocks them from support and can even get in the way of finding a place to live, a job, or an education.

More Drug Overdose Deaths

Again, there’s the issue of overdose cases rising. The latest federal data shows that there were over 107,081 reported drug deaths in 2022, up from 106,699 in 2021. Opioids like fentanyl were the biggest contributor to these surging overdose cases.

The opioid epidemic is mostly a public health crisis and not of criminality. The cost of incarcerating people abusing these drugs instead of getting them help outweighs the potential deterrent impacts of criminalization.

Drug-Related Violence

Mexican armed forces in northeast Mexico illustrating the war on drugs mass incarceration and drug related violence issues

Paradoxically, the War on Drugs has contributed to an increase in drug-related violence. The prohibitionist approach, which makes drugs illegal, has created a lucrative black market for illegal drugs. This, in turn, has led to competition among drug cartels and gangs, resulting in violent conflicts over control of the drug trade.

Moreover, the "tough on crime" stance has often led to confrontations between law enforcement and drug offenders, which can turn violent. Overall, the policy has not succeeded in reducing the violence associated with the drug trade.

Societal Impact

The War on Drugs has had profound societal and domestic consequences. Families have been torn apart by the incarceration of loved ones, especially in cases of non-violent drug offenses. It has led to the stigmatization of individuals with addiction issues, making it harder for them to seek treatment and reintegrate into society.

The focus on punitive measures has overshadowed efforts to address the root causes of drug addiction, such as poverty, lack of education, and lack of access to healthcare. As a result, it has not effectively reduced drug addiction rates.

Expenditure and Resource Allocation

The federal government’s budget for drug use prevention and control was a little over $ 1 billion in 1981. But this number increased to $34 billion by 2020. When adjusted to inflation, that translates to $1,090%, and the number keeps increasing by the year.

The allocation of significant resources to the War on Drugs has raised concerns about whether this is the most cost-effective approach to addressing drug-related issues. Some argue that these resources could be better spent on prevention, treatment, and harm reduction strategies that address the public health aspects of drug use rather than a purely punitive approach.

Other Impacts

But the policy impact is not just limited to mass incarceration, deaths, and violence. Those from low-income are denied public assistance and food stamps for past drug convictions. States like Florida and Texas suspend driver’s licenses for drug offenses that are not related to driving, and many other policies deny voting rights, child custody, loans, employment, and financial help to people with criminal records. In 2019, drug offenses came second as the most common reason for deportation, only after illegal entry.

As drug use becomes increasingly problematic in the US, we must rethink our approach and admit that mass incarceration isn’t working. We need to invest in alternative approaches like support services for those who want or need them.

This includes providing access to addiction treatment, harm reduction strategies, peer support, and recovery programs. Instead of criminalizing drug users, this approach aims to address the root causes of addiction and help individuals overcome their substance abuse issues. More Than Rehab offers addiction rehabilitation services to help those struggling to regain control of their lives.

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The Efficacy of CBD in Treating Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms

CBD has gained a reputation as a magical elixir that can seemingly heal everything from stress and insomnia to cancer and chronic pain. People are captivated by the potential of CBD as a multipurpose remedy, and its purported benefits have fueled a surge in its popularity. However, most of these claims are not based on scientific evidence, and the only medical indication that CBD has been proven to treat humans is epilepsy.

That said, there has been a growing interest and scientific research on the potential efficacy of CBD in managing opioid withdrawal symptoms. In fact, a recent study suggests that CBD curbs cravings in people with opioid dependence. According to the study, the potential to reduce cue-induced craving and anxiety offers a strong basis for more research on the substance as a treatment option for opioid use disorder. 

This couldn't come at a better time, considering the pressing need to address the opioid crisis and provide effective interventions for those struggling with addiction. Opioid addiction has reached alarming levels, causing immense harm to individuals, families, and communities worldwide. In 2021, 80,816 people lost their lives due to opioids.

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However, the researchers in the study note that the study was very narrow and only used specific, standardized amounts of CBD. As such, the results don't suggest buying a jar or bottle of over-the-counter CBD will help with opioid cravings.

What is CBD?

CBD, or cannabidiol, is a naturally occurring compound in cannabis plants. It is one of the many cannabinoids present in the plant, alongside THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Unlike THC, CBD is not psychoactive, meaning it does not induce a "high" sensation commonly associated with cannabis use. CBD is typically extracted from hemp plants to produce numerous products such as oils, tinctures, edibles, and topicals.

CBD has gained attention for its potential therapeutic use. It interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system, which regulates various physiological processes, such as pain sensation, mood, sleep, and immune function. CBD is believed to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), and neuroprotective properties.

While CBD has shown promise in treating certain medical conditions, such as epilepsy, its broader applications as an alternative treatment in areas like addiction recovery, pain management, sleep disorders, and anxiety are still being explored. More research is needed to fully understand its effects, optimal dosage, and potential interactions with other medications.

Addiction is a Brain Disease

Before we dive into why or how CBD might help in addiction recovery, it's important to look at how substance abuse alters normal behavior and brain function. Addiction is a complex brain disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior and the inability to control substance use despite negative consequences.

Addiction changes the way the brain processes information. It deregulates the brain's reward system (which is responsible for reinforcing pleasurable experiences), leading to a heightened sensitivity to drug-related cues and a diminished response to natural rewards. This happens with most substances, including nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, meth, and opioids.

When addiction develops, it becomes hard to stop. Attempts to quit might result in withdrawal symptoms that are uncomfortable and challenging to manage. Common opioid withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, nausea, rapid heartbeat, abdominal cramps, and intense cravings.

These symptoms can be debilitating and are often more intense for the first one to two weeks. Sometimes, they can linger for months and contribute to relapse or continued drug use.

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Potential Benefits and Effectiveness of CBD in Mitigating Withdrawal Symptoms

While the scientific evidence is still developing, preliminary studies suggest several ways CBD may play a role in alleviating withdrawal symptoms. One study found that CBD mitigated cravings among those with OUD who had already stopped opioid use. Researchers also found that the compound reduced:

Most of these symptoms occur during opioid withdrawal. In theory, this means that physicians could consider adding the compound to opioid withdrawal treatment plans to manage the symptoms. But more research is still needed to establish the direct effects of CBD on opioid withdrawal and the best formulations and dosages. Here's a closer look at how cannabinoids may help mitigate opioid withdrawal symptoms:

Craving Reduction

One of the key challenges during withdrawal is intense cravings for the substance of abuse. CBD can help mitigate this by reducing cue-induced cravings, especially among those who use heroin. Studies on rats noted a decrease in drug-seeking behavior when rats were taken off heroin and given CBD. A small human study also found similar effects lasting at least a week.

Anxiety and Stress Reduction

Withdrawal from opioids often triggers heightened anxiety and stress levels. CBD has been studied for its anxiolytic properties, with research indicating its potential to reduce anxiety symptoms. According to one review, CBD interacts with serotonin, type 1 receptor (CB1R), and other brain receptors that regulate anxiety-induced behaviors.

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Pain Relief

Opioid withdrawal is commonly associated with various physical symptoms, including muscle aches, joint pain, and general discomfort. CBD has shown analgesic properties and has been explored as a potential alternative to traditional pain medications. It may help alleviate withdrawal-related pain and discomfort. Clinical trials have also found CBD well-tolerated with no significant side effects, even when co-administered with a potent opioid agonist.

Sleep Improvement

Insomnia and disrupted sleep patterns are common during opioid withdrawal. CBD has been investigated for its potential to improve sleep quality and address sleep disorders. CBD may indirectly contribute to better sleep during withdrawal by promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety.

CBD has shown potential in withdrawal symptom management. It can help reduce anxiety, improve sleep, curb cravings, and in withdrawal relief. While more extensive research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness, the existing studies provide encouraging results. It is important to note that cannabinoid treatment should be part of a holistic care plan alongside counseling, behavioral therapies, and other evidence-based interventions.

It is also a good idea to take CBD while under medical supervision, especially when dealing with a serious issue like opioid use disorder or chronic pain. Healthcare professionals can coordinate your care and ensure CBD is used with other appropriate treatments for the best possible outcomes.

They will also offer expert guidance, monitor and adjust treatment and offer support and guidance. Most importantly, they will ensure that you have access to reputable CBD products that have undergone proper testing for purity and accurate labeling. Like other natural remedies, CBD is largely unregulated, and it can be hard to know which products have been formulated responsibly.

If you, or a loved one is experiencing a physical dependence on opioids, More Than Rehab is here to help. Contact us today. We are available 24/7, 365 days a year.

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The Price of Pills: The Hidden Costs of Drug Use

Pills have become integral to modern medicine, helping individuals manage pain, treat illnesses, and improve overall health. They are a vital component of health care – with over 131 million people (66%) of all adults in the US using prescription pills. However, the use of prescription drugs can also come at a high cost. This is the real price of pills.

Statistics show Americans spend more on prescription drugs, averaging about $1,300 per person yearly. And with almost half of the prescription medicines being paid out-of-pocket, the financial burden can be overwhelming.

But the true cost of prescription drug abuse extends beyond the price tag. The financial cost of prescription drugs can negatively impact physical and mental health, social relationships, career prospects, and personal safety.

This article will explore how drug use can impact an individual's life and why it's essential to be aware of the hidden costs. We'll also discuss the difference between drug misuse and drug abuse, the risk factors, and how to uncover the signs of prescription drug abuse.

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Prescription Pills and Addiction

Prescription pills are highly effective in treating various medical conditions. When taken as directed by a healthcare provider, they can provide significant relief. However, the misuse and abuse of prescription medications can lead to addiction and other negative consequences. Sadly, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reveals that prescription drug use is the fastest-growing drug problem in the United States, especially among young people.

Prescription pill addiction happens when individuals take medications beyond the prescribed dose or for reasons other than their intended use. This behavior can lead to physical dependence, where the body relies on the substance to function normally. Those addicted to prescription pills may experience withdrawal symptoms when they try to stop taking the drug.

The difference between prescription pill misuse and abuse lies in the severity and frequency of the behavior.

Misuse refers to using the drug in a manner other than prescribed, such as:

Misuse can be dangerous and potentially lead to addiction. But it does not necessarily indicate a substance use disorder.

On the other hand, prescription pill abuse refers to using the drug in a manner that is harmful, dangerous, or compulsive. Abuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence and negative consequences like health problems, self-harm, legal issues, and strained relationships. Abuse of prescription pills is a serious concern and requires professional help to overcome.

Some risk factors that increase the likelihood of prescription drug abuse are:

With that in mind, let's look at some hidden costs of drug use.

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The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Relationships

Prescription drug abuse can have a profound impact on all types of relationships. But the biggest casualty of addiction is intimacy between partners. Substance use disorders can create a rift between partners as the person using drugs shifts their attention to obtaining and using drugs than to maintaining the relationship. The trust that was once there can be lost, and the relationship can become strained or even completely shattered.

Beyond that, the financial impact of prescription drug abuse can cause a significant strain on relationships. The cost of addiction can quickly become overwhelming, leading to financial instability and debt.

The partner abusing pills may spend considerable money on obtaining drugs. This may translate to missed bill payments, unpaid debts, and bankruptcy. Such financial stress can further strain the relationship and lead to resentment and mistrust.

In extreme cases, partners abusing pills may turn to illegal activities, like theft or fraud, to support their addiction. This behavior can have legal consequences and can further damage the relationship, leading to feelings of betrayal and anger. There are also legal costs that may come to play.

The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Career

Prescription drug abuse can also significantly impact an individual's career. Those who abuse prescription drugs may struggle to maintain a job or perform their duties at work. They may be absent or late for work due to drug use or perform poorly due to the effects of the drugs. This can lead to job loss, difficulty finding new employment, and financial instability.

Drug abuse can also lead to legal and disciplinary actions at work. For example, if an employee is found to be using prescription drugs without a valid prescription or is caught using drugs while on the job, they may face legal consequences or disciplinary actions from their employer. This can result in a tarnished reputation and limited career prospects in the future.

There's also the comorbidity issue, where mental and addiction problems co-occur. According to studies, those struggling with addiction are likely to struggle with mental problems, as one issue often leads to another. Comorbidity can further impact career – as depression and anxiety may affect one's ability to work.

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The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Health

Prescription drug abuse can have severe health consequences, ranging from short-term side effects like dizziness, nausea, high blood pressure, and confusion to long-term impacts such as heart and liver damage, respiratory problems, and increased risk of overdose. Some prescription drugs, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, can lead to physical dependence and addiction, further worsening health outcomes and severe withdrawal symptoms.

Beyond the direct health impacts, prescription drug abuse can increase the risk of accidents and injuries, including falls, car accidents, and other types of trauma. They can also exacerbate existing health problems, like mental health conditions, and interfere with medical treatments for other illnesses.

Most notable is the cost of addiction treatment. Treatment options such as detoxification, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient therapy, and medication-assisted treatment can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance. The cost of addiction treatment can further exacerbate financial instability and debt, leading to additional stress on relationships and careers.

Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Education

Prescription drug abuse can hurt academic performance and educational outcomes, particularly for young people. Substance use can interfere with learning and memory, making it difficult for students to retain information and perform well on exams. Drug use can also lead to absenteeism, tardiness, and difficulty concentrating in class, leading to lower grades and an increased risk of dropping out.

As with other mind-altering drugs, prescription pill abuse can impair judgment and inhibition, putting young adults at heightened risk for HIV and other STIs, misusing different types of drugs, and engaging in other risky behaviors. According to SAMHSA, most adolescents who misuse pain pills get them from friends and family, including their home's medicine cabinet.

Prescription drug abuse is a serious issue that requires prompt attention and intervention. If you or someone you know is struggling with prescription drug abuse, you must seek help from an addiction specialist. With the proper treatment and support, it is possible to overcome prescription drug abuse and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.

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Where to Buy Fentanyl Testing Strips in Texas

If you're concerned about the presence of fentanyl in drugs you or someone you know may be using, fentanyl testing strips (FTS) can be an essential tool to help ensure your safety. These testing strips detect the presence of fentanyl in a sample of drugs, allowing you to make informed decisions about your drug use and potentially avoid overdose.

This article will outline where to buy fentanyl testing strips in Texas and provide information on their availability. But first, let's look at the fentanyl crisis in Texas and what the state is doing to combat the spread of fentanyl and save lives. 

 

What are Fentanyl Testing Strips?

Fentanyl testing strips are small pieces of paper coated with a chemical reagent that reacts to the presence of fentanyl. They work by detecting the presence of fentanyl in different drugs (heroin, meth, cocaine, etc.) and drug forms (powder, injectables, and pills). These drug testing technologies serve as harm reduction strategies, providing essential information about fentanyl in the illicit drug supply so they can take steps to reduce the risk of overdose. 

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Image courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 How to Use Fentanyl Test Strips:

  1. Prepare a small amount (at least 10mg) of the substance you want to test and place it in a clean, dry container.
  2. Add water to the container and mix the substance and water. For most drugs, you need ½ teaspoon of water. However, if you are testing methamphetamines, use one full teaspoon.
  3. Take the fentanyl test strip out of its packaging and hold it by the end without the wavy lines.
  4. Dip the wavy end of the test strip down into the mixture, ensuring the end is fully submerged in the liquid.
  5. Hold the strip in the liquid for about 15 seconds, allowing it to absorb the mixture fully.
  6. Remove it from the liquid and put it on a flat surface.
  7. Wait 2 to 5 minutes for the test results to appear.
  8. A single pink line indicates the presence of fentanyl or fentanyl analog in the drugs.
  9. Two pink lines indicate the absence of fentanyl or a fentanyl analog in the drugs. 

Fentanyl Crisis in Texas

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. When used for medical reasons, prescription opioids, including fentanyl, are safe and effective for pain relief. However, illicitly produced and distributed fentanyl is life-threatening and has contributed to the ongoing opioid crisis in Texas and the US. 

In recent years, fentanyl has been increasingly found in other illicit drugs such as counterfeit pills, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. And considering the potency of fentanyl, even a small amount can be deadly. This has led to a sharp increase in overdose deaths related to fentanyl use, as many people may not realize they are consuming the drug.

The opioid crisis is a public health crisis in Texas. According to the CDC, there were over 5,000 drug overdose cases in Texas between October 2021 and October 2022. Fatalities involving fentanyl in Texas increased 399%, from 333 deaths in 2019 to 1,662 deaths in 2021. And as mentioned earlier, most people who ingested "their substance of choice" had no idea it was laced with the synthetic opioid.

Drug dealers and suppliers often cut illicit drugs with substances like fentanyl to increase potency and profit margins. This has created a dangerous and unpredictable drug market in Texas, where individuals unknowingly risk their lives every time they use drugs.

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What's Being Done to Combat the Fentanyl Crisis?

The recent push for the legalization of fentanyl testing strips in Texas is part of a larger effort to combat the ongoing opioid crisis in the state. Like many other states, Texas has seen a surge in fentanyl-related deaths in recent years, and lawmakers are looking for solutions to this crisis. 

In response to the opioid epidemic, the state launched the "Texas Fights Fentanyl" campaign in 2021 to raise awareness about the dangers of fentanyl and promote prevention efforts. Furthermore, on April 11th, 2023, the Texas House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted to legalize fentanyl testing strips, with the bill now heading to the Senate for approval.  

The bill, authored by Rep. Tom Oliverson, R-Harris County, would allow the sale and distribution of fentanyl testing strips to the public, which can help individuals test their drugs for the presence of fentanyl. 

If the bill is passed, it would mean that drug users could test their drugs for fentanyl before consuming them, potentially saving countless lives. Employers could also use fentanyl testing strips to test their employees for drug use, particularly in industries where safety is a concern. 

Are Fentanyl Testing Strips Banned in Texas?

Unfortunately, at the moment, these strips are classified as paraphernalia and are, therefore, illegal for people to perform tests for recreational use. This legal classification has limited the availability and accessibility of these life-saving testing strips, leaving many individuals at risk of accidental fentanyl poisoning.

Accessing Fentanyl Test Strips in TX

Currently, fentanyl test strips are banned in Texas, and carrying them is a crime. However, if you are a healthcare professional or a law enforcement agency looking to purchase fentanyl test strips for legitimate purposes, you may be able to obtain them from your local health department, needle exchange program, community-based organization, or online retailers that specialize in drug testing products. Some reputable companies that sell fentanyl test strips include bankpolice.com, amazon, and dancesafe.org. 

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More Drug Overdose Prevention Strategies

Fentanyl testing strips is just one tool in the toolbox of effective drug overdose prevention strategies. Other strategies include the following:

As the fentanyl crisis continues to devastate communities in Texas and across the United States, it's essential to take action to protect yourself and your loved ones. A critical tool in this fight is fentanyl testing strips, which can help identify the presence of this dangerous drug in other substances.

However, these strips are not foolproof and should be used with other harm reduction strategies, such as seeking professional addiction treatment.

If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, we highly recommend seeking the help of a reputable treatment center like More Than Rehab. Our experienced and compassionate team can provide the support and guidance needed to overcome addiction and start on the path to recovery. We offer various services, including detox, inpatient and outpatient, and mental health services. Remember, addiction is a disease, but it is treatable.

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How Prescription Drugs Helped Fuel the Drug Overdose Epidemic

The opioid epidemic is a serious public health crisis that has been ravaging communities in the United States for years. While many of us may associate illicit drugs such as heroin with causing drug overdoses, prescription drugs have also played a significant role in this devastating trend. The widespread availability and ease of obtaining these medications, combined with their powerful strength and addictive properties, have resulted in an alarming rise in overdose deaths due to prescription drug misuse.

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's statistics indicate about 107,622 drug overdose deaths in the US during 2021. Synthetic opioids like fentanyl were responsible for a large portion of the deaths, accounting for 71,238 deaths. But prescription opioids (such as oxycodone and hydrocodone) were also major contributors to the crisis. According to the CDC, natural or semi-synthetic drugs accounted for 13,722 overdose deaths in 2020 and 13,503 in 2021.

These deaths were attributed mainly to over-prescribing opioid painkillers like OxyContin, which has led to numerous cases of physical dependence and addiction. In 2016, the CDC issued a national guideline on pain management to help improve appropriate opioid prescribing and minimize opioid-related risks. The guideline got a lot of support from Americans, especially in two key elements: advising physicians to issue less than a three-day supply of opioid painkillers for acute pain and trying other treatment options before considering opioids for chronic pain.

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Understanding Prescription Drugs Misuse

Prescription drugs are obtained with a doctor's prescription. They treat medical conditions, including pain, anxiety, and depression. However, they can also be abused due to their powerful effects.

Prescription drugs, like any other drug, can lead to substance use disorders as an unintended consequence. It is well-documented that these medications can be highly addictive and are major risk factors for people developing opioid use disorder.

The false sense of safety that comes with obtaining these medications from a doctor or pharmacy can lead some people to take them in ways they weren't prescribed. For example, they will:

Besides, since many people store these drugs in the medicine cabinet, they can be easily accessible to others, including young people. This increases the risk of them being taken and abused without the supervision of a healthcare professional. Taking someone else's medication can lead to dangerous side effects and death.

How Prescription Drug Abuse Contributes to the Overdose Crisis

Prescription painkiller abuse has become a major contributor to the overdose crisis in the United States. These drugs are often prescribed for legitimate medical conditions, such as pain management or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, when used improperly or for non-medical reasons, they can lead to substance use disorders, addiction, and even overdose deaths.

There are several ways in which prescription drugs like Oxycontin, Adderall, etc., contribute to the overdose crisis:

One of the ways is through the development of opioid dependence. People prescribed opioids for an injury or chronic pain may start to rely on them for relief, leading to a physical dependence on the drug. As their tolerance builds, they may need to take higher doses to achieve the same level of pain relief, increasing their risk of overdose.

Another way is through the use of street drugs. When people become dependent on prescription opioids and cannot obtain them, they may turn to street drugs like heroin to manage their withdrawal symptoms. Heroin is often cheaper and more readily available than prescription opioids, making it an attractive option for those struggling with addiction. However, street drugs are often more potent and can lead to a higher risk of overdose.

Polydrug use is also an issue, particularly when people combine opioids with alcohol or other sedatives. This practice often increases the risk of overdose and can be deadly.

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Who is to Blame for the Opioid Crisis?

It's important to note that the misuse of prescription drugs is not solely the patient's fault. Physicians have been criticized for overprescribing opioids, with some labeled as "pill mill doctors." They were seen as contributors to the crisis due to their over-reliance on opioid prescriptions to manage pain rather than exploring alternative treatments.

Pharmaceutical companies such as Purdue Pharmaceuticals have also been blamed for the crisis. Purdue, the real co-conspirator, was accused of downplaying the risks of addiction and exaggerating the benefits of OxyContin. It was also blamed for aggressively marketing the drug to physicians and misleading the public about the safety of its products.

The third guilty party is the American Pain Society, with its "pain as the 5th vital sign" campaign. This campaign promoted the idea that pain should be treated as a vital sign, like temperature, pulse, etc. However, it didn't come with any device to objectively measure pain as the previous vital signs, pulse temperature, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

The 5th vital sign campaign was the first and only subjective vital sign. It led to a significant increase in opioid prescriptions, as doctors were pressured to treat patients' pain more aggressively.

Fourth on the list of blame is the Joint Commission. In 2001, it issued a mandate that required hospitals to use pain scales to evaluate patients' pain.

The commission also published a pain management guide that downplayed doctors' concerns about opioid addiction, tolerance, and risk of death. Additionally, it framed pain management as a patient's rights issue, increasing the pressure to prescribe opioids. Purdue Pharma sponsored this guide. 

Press Ganey is the fifth guilty party on the list. This company helped develop patient satisfaction surveys. The results of these surveys were then used to rank hospitals.

Then enters, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a mandate to hospitals in 2002. The mandate threatened their Medicare reimbursement if patient satisfaction scores didn't meet specific standards. Patient satisfaction was based on surveys that included them scoring their satisfaction with pain control.

Inevitably, hospital administrators made it to the blame list. With CMS' mandate, hospital administrators felt pressure to increase patient satisfaction scores by any means necessary. So they started to pressure doctors to prescribe more opioids for pain management and patient satisfaction. This eventually led to overprescribing and misuse of opioids.

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Prescription Drugs Lawsuits

Numerous lawsuits have been filed against major pharmaceutical companies and high-profile figures concerning the opioid epidemic. One notable example is the lawsuit against Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin. The company and members of the Sackler family, who owned Purdue, have been accused of aggressively marketing OxyContin while downplaying the risks of addiction, leading to the widespread abuse of the drug and the opioid epidemic.

In 2019, Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty to federal criminal charges and settled with the Department of Justice. The company and the Sackler family agreed to pay $8 billion in fines and penalties.

States and municipalities have also sued Johnson & Johnson, Teva, and Endo International over their role in the opioid epidemic. In 2021, Johnson & Johnson was ordered to pay $572 million in a landmark opioid trial in Oklahoma and is currently facing lawsuits in several other states.

Teva has settled with New York for $523 million and is working to finalize a nationwide settlement valued at more than $4.2 billion. And Endo which has now filed for bankruptcy has agreed to pay $450 million to support the treatment and prevention of opioid abuse. 

Opioid Abuse Treatment

More Than Rehab offers a range of treatment options to help those struggling with opioid addiction and substance abuse break the cycle and achieve long-term sobriety. The treatment center provides an array of evidence-based therapies, including individual and group counseling, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), relapse prevention training, and more.

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