Fighting Fentanyl: The Crisis in Texas Border Communities

The opioid crisis has become an increasingly pressing issue in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 91 people die every day in the country from opioid overdose. Heroin, prescription painkillers, and fentanyl are among the most commonly used drugs in this deadly epidemic. Combining opioids with other drugs, like benzodiazepines, alcohol, cocaine, etc., can significantly increase the risk of overdose and death.

According to the CDC, the states that were hardest hit by the drug overdose epidemic in 2015 were West Virginia, Kentucky, Delaware, Ohio, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Louisiana. But the epidemic is now spreading to Texas as well. The latest provisional data from the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) shows that there were 883 opioid-related overdoses in Texas in 2020. In 2021 the number increased to 1,672.

Synthetic opioids (largely illicitly made fentanyl) are the major contributors to these rising opioid-related overdoses. Fentanyl is an opioid that is 50 times more potent than heroin, and even a small amount can cause an overdose or death. It is commonly mixed with other illegal drugs like heroin, cocaine, meth, and counterfeit pills, which makes them even more powerful. As a result, it has become one of the most dangerous substances on the streets today.

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Fentanyl Flow to the United States

Mexico has replaced China as the dominant source of fentanyl and other synthetic drugs flowing into the US. According to a report from Commission on Combating Synthetic Opioid Trafficking, most pure fentanyl that was seized by the authorities between 2014 and 2019 came from China. But since then, the leading source of fentanyl has shifted from China to Mexico. The report also noted that Mexican drug cartels had established manufacturing capabilities in Mexico, allowing them to produce the drug in large quantities.

The cartels use the US-Mexico border to smuggle fentanyl through ports of entry and illegal border crossings. However, reports by CBP, ICE, and DHS intelligence indicate that fentanyl is primarily smuggled through legal ports of entry and not illegal entry routes. Surprisingly, 91% of drug seizures at checkpoints are from US citizens. Fentanyl producers mostly hire US citizens because it is easier for them to cross the border than noncitizens.

According to the DEA, the drug cartels use major highway routes to transport illicit drugs. They use passenger cars with hidden compartments or intermingled with legitimate goods on tractor-trailers.

Reports show that more than 90% of fentanyl border seizures happen at legal border crossings and interior vehicle checkpoints. Drug trafficking organizations use official crossing points because it's easier to hide drugs on legal goods than it is to hide a person crossing the border illegally.

Fentanyl is an incredibly potent drug. This makes it hard to interdict, considering that even a small physical amount can satisfy US demand. Even more troubling is the fact that Mexican drug cartels produce fentanyl in counterfeit tablets with pain management drugs like Xanax and Adderall. This means that some people may unknowingly take fentanyl without realizing it.

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The Impacts of Drug Trafficking on Texas Border Communities

The influx of illicit drugs has put immense pressure on the border communities in San Diego, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. These drugs are affecting public health by increasing overdose deaths and hospitalizations, spreading infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, increasing crime rates in these areas, and fueling substance abuse among youth.

Furthermore, drug trafficking organizations like the famous Sinaloa cartel use violence to maintain control of their smuggling routes and to counter law enforcement. This has increased homicides and other violent crimes in border towns.

The proliferation of illicit drugs has also led to increased corruption as drug traffickers offer bribes to law enforcement and public officials. This has eroded trust in law enforcement officers, undermining their ability to protect the public. Other impacts include strain on healthcare resources, economic losses due to drug-related crimes, and increased addiction.

Texas Department of Health and Human Services Efforts to Fight the Fentanyl Epidemic

The Texas Health and Human Services (HHSC) have recently launched a campaign to help fight the fentanyl crisis in Texas, particularly on its southern border. The campaign, Texas Targeted Opioid Response (TTOR), uses many forms of traditional media and social media to reach as many people as possible. The campaign focuses on educating people about preventing drug overdose and promoting treatment options for those battling addiction.

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TTOR is a public health initiative operated by HHSC through federal funding from SAMHSA. It aims to reduce overdose deaths, improve access to treatment, and prevent the misuse of opioids. The program also:

Provides a reporting platform to encourage community reporting of overdoses and overdose reversals.
Educates health care professionals, so they're able to advise patients on the safe use, storage, and disposal of medications.
Provides safe drug disposal materials to help Texans safely dispose of expired or unused medication.
Expands in-person training and online education for health professionals to prevent stimulant and opioid-related harm.
Arms adults with strategies to help build children's self-regulation skills, support academics, improve classroom behavior, and minimize opioid misuse.
Educates people about overdose and access to Naloxone (overdose reversal medication) to help reduce overdose deaths.
Aims to increase prescriber and pharmacist use of the Texas Prescription Monitoring Program.

Fentanyl is one of the most dangerous drugs on the streets today, and it is smuggled into the US through Mexico's border with Texas. This drug influx negatively affects public health, increases crime rates, and fuels substance abuse. The more the general public can learn about the dangers of fentanyl and how fentanyl is smuggled into the country, the more we can help law enforcement battle this problem.

Those struggling with addiction should seek help from professional providers like More Than Rehab. More Than Rehab offers comprehensive treatment plans and access to medication-assisted therapy and counseling, which can help individuals overcome their addiction and recover. With the right help and support, those struggling with addiction can have a chance at leading a life of sobriety.

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Is it Possible to be Addicted to Marijuana?

Some people use marijuana as a recreational pastime. Others use it for medicinal purposes. Either way, many wonder if it's possible to become addicted to marijuana.

The answer is yes; it is possible to become addicted to marijuana just like any other drug or alcohol. According to studies, some people who use marijuana may develop marijuana use disorder meaning they have difficulty controlling their marijuana use.

In one study, about 30% of people who use marijuana have marijuana use disorder.
In another study, those who use marijuana have a 10% chance of becoming addicted.
Young people who start using marijuana before 18 are 4 to 7 times more likely to develop a marijuana use disorder than adults.

Marijuana is a Schedule I drug and has a high potential for abuse. According to studies, marijuana is the most abused drug in the US. Both recreational and medical marijuana can cause dependence issues.

What is Marijuana or Cannabis Use Disorder?

Marijuana or cannabis use disorder is having difficulty controlling your marijuana use. When you have marijuana use disorder, You may feel an intense desire to continue using despite adverse consequences, and you may experience withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit. The severity of marijuana use disorder is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.

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How Does Cannabis Use Disorder Happen?

Cannabis use disorder can happen when someone uses marijuana frequently or in large amounts. It can also be caused by physical, psychological, environmental, and genetic factors. The drug contains tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, a psychoactive ingredient that trigger's the brain's endocannabinoid receptors. Over time, you become less sensitive to the chemicals in marijuana and need more of it to feel the same effects.

Symptoms of Marijuana Dependence

The signs and symptoms of marijuana dependence can be physical or psychological.

Physical symptoms of marijuana use disorder include:

Dry mouth
Delayed reaction time
Red eyes
Disrupted sleep patterns, including insomnia
Feeling sluggish and tired
Increased appetite
Withdrawal symptoms
Poor hygiene
Impaired coordination, balance, and motor skills

Psychological symptoms of marijuana use disorder include:

Mood swings
Anxiety
Depression
Paranoia
Heightened perception
Memory loss
Lack of motivation
Poor concentration and focus
Increased temper and irritability
Feelings of guilt
Reduced self-esteem
Exacerbation of any existing mental health issues

Legalization Efforts and the Impacts on Marijuana Use

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In recent years, many states have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal and recreational purposes. This has led to marijuana becoming more accessible and accepted in today's society. As a result, there has been an increasing number of individuals using marijuana and a greater number of individuals becoming addicted to it.

The legalization efforts have also increased the availability and variety of marijuana products, such as edibles, waxes, and oils. Some of these products have higher concentrations of THC than the traditional plant-based form of marijuana and can lead to more severe and longer-lasting effects on the user.

And as marijuana use becomes more common, more people are exposed to its risks. It's essential for individuals, especially those in vulnerable populations, to be aware of the potential risks associated with using marijuana and the potential for addiction.

It's also essential for people to know that help is available if they are struggling with dependence and addiction. Seeking treatment from a qualified professional can help individuals overcome their addiction and reclaim control of their lives.

Long-Term Effects of Marijuana Addiction

Though marijuana is often considered a harmless drug, many dangers are associated with long-term use.

Marijuana smoke contains many of the same irritants, toxins, and carcinogens as tobacco smoke, and regular exposure can lead to lung damage and cancer.
Marijuana use alters brain chemistry, resulting in problems with memory, learning, and attention. These changes can be especially harmful to young people whose brains are still developing.
Marijuana use and addiction are associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression, as well as suicidal thoughts and behavior. People may also neglect their health and experience weight loss.
Marijuana use can lead to addiction, with users developing a tolerance for the drug and needing more to achieve the same effects.
Prolonged use of marijuana is associated with immune system impairment, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases.
Marijuana use poses a high risk of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular diseases.
Drug addiction also reduces fertility and sperm count in men.
Marijuana addiction can lead to issues in relationships, work, and school performance, as well as financial instability.

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Treatment Options for Marijuana Addiction

Fortunately, there is a range of treatment options available for people who are struggling with marijuana addiction.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most popular methods for treating marijuana addiction. This approach focuses on helping individuals identify and address destructive behavior patterns to manage their cravings better and prevent relapse.
Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) is another effective method of treating marijuana addiction. It helps people find their reasons for quitting and provides support and guidance as they take steps to achieve their goals. MET is especially effective for people who are heavy users of marijuana and can be a helpful tool for anyone who wants to quit
Contingency management is another option for treating marijuana addiction. This approach uses incentives to encourage healthy behaviors and discourage relapse. These can include rewards such as vouchers, cash, or access to activities that the individual enjoys when they stay on track with their treatment plan.

At the moment, the FDA has not approved any medications specifically for the treatment of marijuana addiction. However, research is ongoing, and there are some promising results from trials with existing medications (like sleep and anti-epileptic drugs) that may be effective in treating marijuana use disorder.

Finally, professional rehab and support groups can be an essential part of recovery for people with marijuana addiction. These will provide peer-based support, public health care resources, mental health treatment, and life skills training that can help people rebuild their lives.

No matter what approach is taken, the most crucial step in overcoming marijuana addiction is a commitment to making positive changes in one's life. With the proper support and dedication, it's possible to break free from addiction and start living a healthier, more fulfilling life.

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What Are the 12 Steps of Addiction Recovery?

Addiction is a chronic mental condition that can be hard to overcome. Even after comprehensive addiction treatment, the risk of relapse is always present. Joining Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous can help you better understand your addiction and find healthy ways to cope with it. The 12 steps can help individuals dealing with all types of substance abuse, including:

Opioids
Alcohol
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Heroin
Prescription painkillers

Understanding 12-Step Programs

The 12-step program is a set of guidelines for recovery from addiction. The steps were first formulated by the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous, Bill Wilson and Bob Smith, and have since been adapted for many other forms of addiction recovery, including Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous, and Marijuana Anonymous.

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Bill Wilson and Bob wrote the book Alcoholics Anonymous (or The Big Book as it is commonly known), which outlines 12 sequential steps for addiction recovery.

The program involves admitting that you have a problem and cannot control your addiction and making amends for the harm you have caused. It also includes a commitment to attend AA meetings and to help other addicts.

The 12-step program is essential because it provides a roadmap for recovery. It helps addicts take responsibility for their addiction and to make positive changes in their lives. It also offers support and accountability, which are essential for long-term sobriety.

The 12 Steps of Addiction Recovery

The 12 steps of addiction recovery are:

1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol – that our lives had become unmanageable.

Addiction is a chronic mental condition that can be hard to overcome. Even after a comprehensive treatment, the risk of relapse is always present. Step One aims to relabel the addiction as a disease rather than a character flaw. It is structured around the belief that one is "powerless" over their chronic illness.

Those who enter AA or NA acknowledge their inability to control their drinking and that their life has become unmanageable. Step One is often the stage of acceptance.

2. Came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.

While Step One acknowledges the lack of control, Step Two suggests that an external force can help. Some people interpret the "power greater than ourselves" as a higher power, such as a God or spiritual being. However, it does not necessarily need to be religious or spiritual. It can be karma, meditation, the universe, medical professional, etc.

Step Two allows individuals to gain faith in something bigger than themselves. And acceptance in Step One plays a vital role in opening one up to external help.

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3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him.

Step Three is an acknowledgment of one's willingness to surrender their will and life over to the care of a higher power. It provides individuals with a platform to admit they cannot do this alone. Religious people may find the concept of "God as we understood Him" helpful, while others may find other ideas more suitable. The main point of Step Three is to recognize that the power lies outside of yourself and that this power is essential for recovery.

4. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.

Step Four is all about self-reflection and introspection. It encourages individuals to take a critical look at their lives and examine how they have made decisions in the past and what led them down the path of addiction. Understanding one's triggers and making changes is essential to prevent future relapses. Step Four can be difficult as it forces one to confront their past and accept responsibility for their actions.

5. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.

Step Five is the stage of confession, where individuals must admit to themselves, God, and another human being the exact nature of their wrongs. This can be a difficult step as it involves confronting and addressing the harm they have caused. But the step helps individuals to learn to take responsibility for their actions and make amends for the damage they have caused.

6. Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.

Step Six is a preparation step, where individuals must make themselves entirely ready to have their higher power remove all their character defects. This involves letting go of the negative traits that have kept them stuck in addiction and mental discomfort. It requires faith and trust in the higher power, as it involves surrendering one's ego and allowing a power greater than themselves to make one ready for recovery.

7. Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.

Step Seven is an act of humility, where individuals ask their higher power to remove their shortcomings and defects of character. This step requires honesty and courage to admit out loud one's willingness to be changed and molded into a better version of themselves.

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8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed and became willing to make amends to them all.

Step Eight is the stage of accountability, where individuals must list those they have harmed and become willing to make amends to them all. It's essential for taking responsibility and restoring relationships damaged due to addiction. It allows individuals to mend broken bridges and create a better life.

9. Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.

Step Nine is the stage of action, where individuals make direct amends to those they have harmed whenever possible. This step requires individuals to take responsibility for their actions and reach out to the people they have hurt. It is a decisive step in healing relationships and restoring trust between individuals.

10. Continued to take personal inventory and, when we were wrong, promptly admitted it.

Step Ten is the stage of continuous self-reflection, where individuals must continue to take personal inventory and admit when they are wrong. This step emphasizes that recovery should be lifelong, requiring people to stay vigilant and hold themselves accountable for their actions. It helps ensure individuals do not slip back into old habits or behaviors that could lead them to addiction again.

11. Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out

Step Eleven is about deepening one's connection and relationship with their higher power. It encourages individuals to seek knowledge of their higher power's will through prayer and meditation and to ask for the ability to carry out that will. This step helps individuals maintain strong faith in their higher power and stay committed to recovery.

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12. Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics and practice these principles in all our affairs.

Step Twelve is the culmination of all the previous steps, as it marks the point where individuals have had a spiritual awakening due to working through the Twelve Steps. This step encourages individuals to spread their newfound knowledge and wisdom to other alcoholics to help them recover. It also emphasizes that principles from the Twelve Steps should be applied to all facets of their life.

The Twelve Steps provide individuals with the necessary structure, guidance, and encouragement for recovery from addiction. Each step is an essential milestone to sobriety, helping individuals progress towards a healthier and happier lifestyle.

By working through each step one at a time, individuals can develop the strength and courage to make lasting changes. As individuals progress through the Twelve Steps, they will find that their relationship with themselves and others improves significantly. Ultimately, the Twelve Steps offer a roadmap for recovery, empowering individuals to take control of their life and create a brighter future.

Finding Treatment Programs

There are many 12-step programs available to help individuals make a successful recovery. At More Than Rehab, we can connect you to one that matches your needs. We can also connect you to other support groups and resources to help you stay on track with your recovery. Contact us today to learn more and start your journey toward sobriety.