High on Drugs, High on Risk: The Impulsive Gambler

Gambling is common in the US and worldwide. People gamble on everything from card games to sports and even casino games. For some, gambling is a harmless pastime; for others, it's quick cash. In moderation, gambling can be a fun activity. However, some people lose control of their gambling and end up being an impulsive gambler (or participating in problem gambling). And the thrill of gambling can be a much greater issue when substances are involved.

What is Impulsive Gambling?

Gambling involves risking something of value to get something of even greater value. As mentioned, people participate in sports betting, card games, etc., for entertainment. However, if a person cannot control their gambling to the level that it negatively affects their lives, they're said to have a gambling problem or impulsive gambling.

Impulsive gambling is a condition where a person cannot control their gambling behavior, despite its negative consequences. As Mayo Clinic puts it, this impulse control disorder is characterized by a persistent and uncontrollable urge to gamble and a preoccupation with gambling even when it interferes with daily life activities.

Gambling, like drugs or alcohol, stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter often associated with feelings of pleasure and reward. This can create a cycle where the brain seeks out more of that reward, leading to a desire to gamble more frequently or at higher stakes. When one has a problem gambling, they may continually chase bets that lead to losses. Eventually, they'll use up all their savings and go into debt, trying to pursue a win. They will make the extra effort to conceal their actions and even turn to fraud or theft to support their addiction.

Gambling Addiction and Substance Abuse

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Gambling and mental health issues can reinforce each other. This means that a person with a mental health issue may gamble to escape or cope with the signs and symptoms. At the same time, a person with a gambling problem might develop mental health issues due to loss, feelings of shame, etc.

Similarly, gambling addiction and substance abuse have a high co-existence rate. In fact, those addicted to substances or gambling are already predisposed to thrill-seeking behaviors. 

According to one study, people diagnosed with impulsive gambling also end up having substance use disorder. This could be due to:

Besides, most casinos in the US offer free drinks for those who spend their money at slots or tables. This is a much bigger problem because, like drug abuse, problem gambling is considered a compulsive behavior.

The Effects of Being High While Gambling

Being high while gambling can have significant effects on a person's behavior and decision-making in the following ways:

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Drugs that Exacerbate Gambling Addiction

While no specific drug causes gambling addiction, certain substances may increase the risk of developing a gambling addiction. Research shows that individuals with gambling addiction commonly abuse substances like alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and stimulants.

Alcohol and other substances can lower inhibitions and impair judgment, making it more likely for a person to engage in behavioral addictions like gambling. Data from a large study in the US found alcohol addiction to be the most common co-occurring disorder among those with pathological gambling. More than 73% of participants diagnosed with problem gambling had an alcohol use disorder.

Stimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines, tend to increase feelings of excitement and pleasure, which may make gambling more appealing.

How to Help Cure a Gambling Addict

It can be tough to see a loved one struggle with gambling addiction. But the good news is that with help and treatment, they can go back to leading a healthy lifestyle. Here are a few tips to consider:

Remember that many people who develop problem gambling also develop substance use disorders. Neither addiction is easy to manage without professional help, so it's essential to encourage the person to seek help for both issues. At More Than Rehab, we offer treatment for gambling addiction and dual diagnosis, which means addressing both gambling addiction and any co-occurring substance use disorders. We utilize evidence-based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help individuals understand the underlying reasons for their addiction and develop healthy coping mechanisms.

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The Price of Pills: The Hidden Costs of Drug Use

Pills have become integral to modern medicine, helping individuals manage pain, treat illnesses, and improve overall health. They are a vital component of health care – with over 131 million people (66%) of all adults in the US using prescription pills. However, the use of prescription drugs can also come at a high cost. This is the real price of pills.

Statistics show Americans spend more on prescription drugs, averaging about $1,300 per person yearly. And with almost half of the prescription medicines being paid out-of-pocket, the financial burden can be overwhelming.

But the true cost of prescription drug abuse extends beyond the price tag. The financial cost of prescription drugs can negatively impact physical and mental health, social relationships, career prospects, and personal safety.

This article will explore how drug use can impact an individual's life and why it's essential to be aware of the hidden costs. We'll also discuss the difference between drug misuse and drug abuse, the risk factors, and how to uncover the signs of prescription drug abuse.

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Prescription Pills and Addiction

Prescription pills are highly effective in treating various medical conditions. When taken as directed by a healthcare provider, they can provide significant relief. However, the misuse and abuse of prescription medications can lead to addiction and other negative consequences. Sadly, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reveals that prescription drug use is the fastest-growing drug problem in the United States, especially among young people.

Prescription pill addiction happens when individuals take medications beyond the prescribed dose or for reasons other than their intended use. This behavior can lead to physical dependence, where the body relies on the substance to function normally. Those addicted to prescription pills may experience withdrawal symptoms when they try to stop taking the drug.

The difference between prescription pill misuse and abuse lies in the severity and frequency of the behavior.

Misuse refers to using the drug in a manner other than prescribed, such as:

Misuse can be dangerous and potentially lead to addiction. But it does not necessarily indicate a substance use disorder.

On the other hand, prescription pill abuse refers to using the drug in a manner that is harmful, dangerous, or compulsive. Abuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence and negative consequences like health problems, self-harm, legal issues, and strained relationships. Abuse of prescription pills is a serious concern and requires professional help to overcome.

Some risk factors that increase the likelihood of prescription drug abuse are:

With that in mind, let's look at some hidden costs of drug use.

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The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Relationships

Prescription drug abuse can have a profound impact on all types of relationships. But the biggest casualty of addiction is intimacy between partners. Substance use disorders can create a rift between partners as the person using drugs shifts their attention to obtaining and using drugs than to maintaining the relationship. The trust that was once there can be lost, and the relationship can become strained or even completely shattered.

Beyond that, the financial impact of prescription drug abuse can cause a significant strain on relationships. The cost of addiction can quickly become overwhelming, leading to financial instability and debt.

The partner abusing pills may spend considerable money on obtaining drugs. This may translate to missed bill payments, unpaid debts, and bankruptcy. Such financial stress can further strain the relationship and lead to resentment and mistrust.

In extreme cases, partners abusing pills may turn to illegal activities, like theft or fraud, to support their addiction. This behavior can have legal consequences and can further damage the relationship, leading to feelings of betrayal and anger. There are also legal costs that may come to play.

The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Career

Prescription drug abuse can also significantly impact an individual's career. Those who abuse prescription drugs may struggle to maintain a job or perform their duties at work. They may be absent or late for work due to drug use or perform poorly due to the effects of the drugs. This can lead to job loss, difficulty finding new employment, and financial instability.

Drug abuse can also lead to legal and disciplinary actions at work. For example, if an employee is found to be using prescription drugs without a valid prescription or is caught using drugs while on the job, they may face legal consequences or disciplinary actions from their employer. This can result in a tarnished reputation and limited career prospects in the future.

There's also the comorbidity issue, where mental and addiction problems co-occur. According to studies, those struggling with addiction are likely to struggle with mental problems, as one issue often leads to another. Comorbidity can further impact career – as depression and anxiety may affect one's ability to work.

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The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Health

Prescription drug abuse can have severe health consequences, ranging from short-term side effects like dizziness, nausea, high blood pressure, and confusion to long-term impacts such as heart and liver damage, respiratory problems, and increased risk of overdose. Some prescription drugs, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, can lead to physical dependence and addiction, further worsening health outcomes and severe withdrawal symptoms.

Beyond the direct health impacts, prescription drug abuse can increase the risk of accidents and injuries, including falls, car accidents, and other types of trauma. They can also exacerbate existing health problems, like mental health conditions, and interfere with medical treatments for other illnesses.

Most notable is the cost of addiction treatment. Treatment options such as detoxification, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient therapy, and medication-assisted treatment can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance. The cost of addiction treatment can further exacerbate financial instability and debt, leading to additional stress on relationships and careers.

Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Education

Prescription drug abuse can hurt academic performance and educational outcomes, particularly for young people. Substance use can interfere with learning and memory, making it difficult for students to retain information and perform well on exams. Drug use can also lead to absenteeism, tardiness, and difficulty concentrating in class, leading to lower grades and an increased risk of dropping out.

As with other mind-altering drugs, prescription pill abuse can impair judgment and inhibition, putting young adults at heightened risk for HIV and other STIs, misusing different types of drugs, and engaging in other risky behaviors. According to SAMHSA, most adolescents who misuse pain pills get them from friends and family, including their home's medicine cabinet.

Prescription drug abuse is a serious issue that requires prompt attention and intervention. If you or someone you know is struggling with prescription drug abuse, you must seek help from an addiction specialist. With the proper treatment and support, it is possible to overcome prescription drug abuse and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.

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Where to Buy Fentanyl Testing Strips in Texas

If you're concerned about the presence of fentanyl in drugs you or someone you know may be using, fentanyl testing strips (FTS) can be an essential tool to help ensure your safety. These testing strips detect the presence of fentanyl in a sample of drugs, allowing you to make informed decisions about your drug use and potentially avoid overdose.

This article will outline where to buy fentanyl testing strips in Texas and provide information on their availability. But first, let's look at the fentanyl crisis in Texas and what the state is doing to combat the spread of fentanyl and save lives. 

 

What are Fentanyl Testing Strips?

Fentanyl testing strips are small pieces of paper coated with a chemical reagent that reacts to the presence of fentanyl. They work by detecting the presence of fentanyl in different drugs (heroin, meth, cocaine, etc.) and drug forms (powder, injectables, and pills). These drug testing technologies serve as harm reduction strategies, providing essential information about fentanyl in the illicit drug supply so they can take steps to reduce the risk of overdose. 

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Image courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 How to Use Fentanyl Test Strips:

  1. Prepare a small amount (at least 10mg) of the substance you want to test and place it in a clean, dry container.
  2. Add water to the container and mix the substance and water. For most drugs, you need ½ teaspoon of water. However, if you are testing methamphetamines, use one full teaspoon.
  3. Take the fentanyl test strip out of its packaging and hold it by the end without the wavy lines.
  4. Dip the wavy end of the test strip down into the mixture, ensuring the end is fully submerged in the liquid.
  5. Hold the strip in the liquid for about 15 seconds, allowing it to absorb the mixture fully.
  6. Remove it from the liquid and put it on a flat surface.
  7. Wait 2 to 5 minutes for the test results to appear.
  8. A single pink line indicates the presence of fentanyl or fentanyl analog in the drugs.
  9. Two pink lines indicate the absence of fentanyl or a fentanyl analog in the drugs. 

Fentanyl Crisis in Texas

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. When used for medical reasons, prescription opioids, including fentanyl, are safe and effective for pain relief. However, illicitly produced and distributed fentanyl is life-threatening and has contributed to the ongoing opioid crisis in Texas and the US. 

In recent years, fentanyl has been increasingly found in other illicit drugs such as counterfeit pills, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. And considering the potency of fentanyl, even a small amount can be deadly. This has led to a sharp increase in overdose deaths related to fentanyl use, as many people may not realize they are consuming the drug.

The opioid crisis is a public health crisis in Texas. According to the CDC, there were over 5,000 drug overdose cases in Texas between October 2021 and October 2022. Fatalities involving fentanyl in Texas increased 399%, from 333 deaths in 2019 to 1,662 deaths in 2021. And as mentioned earlier, most people who ingested "their substance of choice" had no idea it was laced with the synthetic opioid.

Drug dealers and suppliers often cut illicit drugs with substances like fentanyl to increase potency and profit margins. This has created a dangerous and unpredictable drug market in Texas, where individuals unknowingly risk their lives every time they use drugs.

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What's Being Done to Combat the Fentanyl Crisis?

The recent push for the legalization of fentanyl testing strips in Texas is part of a larger effort to combat the ongoing opioid crisis in the state. Like many other states, Texas has seen a surge in fentanyl-related deaths in recent years, and lawmakers are looking for solutions to this crisis. 

In response to the opioid epidemic, the state launched the "Texas Fights Fentanyl" campaign in 2021 to raise awareness about the dangers of fentanyl and promote prevention efforts. Furthermore, on April 11th, 2023, the Texas House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted to legalize fentanyl testing strips, with the bill now heading to the Senate for approval.  

The bill, authored by Rep. Tom Oliverson, R-Harris County, would allow the sale and distribution of fentanyl testing strips to the public, which can help individuals test their drugs for the presence of fentanyl. 

If the bill is passed, it would mean that drug users could test their drugs for fentanyl before consuming them, potentially saving countless lives. Employers could also use fentanyl testing strips to test their employees for drug use, particularly in industries where safety is a concern. 

Are Fentanyl Testing Strips Banned in Texas?

Unfortunately, at the moment, these strips are classified as paraphernalia and are, therefore, illegal for people to perform tests for recreational use. This legal classification has limited the availability and accessibility of these life-saving testing strips, leaving many individuals at risk of accidental fentanyl poisoning.

Accessing Fentanyl Test Strips in TX

Currently, fentanyl test strips are banned in Texas, and carrying them is a crime. However, if you are a healthcare professional or a law enforcement agency looking to purchase fentanyl test strips for legitimate purposes, you may be able to obtain them from your local health department, needle exchange program, community-based organization, or online retailers that specialize in drug testing products. Some reputable companies that sell fentanyl test strips include bankpolice.com, amazon, and dancesafe.org. 

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More Drug Overdose Prevention Strategies

Fentanyl testing strips is just one tool in the toolbox of effective drug overdose prevention strategies. Other strategies include the following:

As the fentanyl crisis continues to devastate communities in Texas and across the United States, it's essential to take action to protect yourself and your loved ones. A critical tool in this fight is fentanyl testing strips, which can help identify the presence of this dangerous drug in other substances.

However, these strips are not foolproof and should be used with other harm reduction strategies, such as seeking professional addiction treatment.

If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, we highly recommend seeking the help of a reputable treatment center like More Than Rehab. Our experienced and compassionate team can provide the support and guidance needed to overcome addiction and start on the path to recovery. We offer various services, including detox, inpatient and outpatient, and mental health services. Remember, addiction is a disease, but it is treatable.

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Misdiagnosis of Withdrawal Symptoms as Mental Health Issues

Withdrawal symptoms are a natural and expected part of quitting addictive substances. They occur because the body and brain have become accustomed to the presence of the substance and have adapted to its effects. When the substance is removed, the body and brain need time to readjust, which can result in emotional, psychological, and social symptoms. The misdiagnosis of withdrawal symptoms, which include sweating, nausea, tremors, seizures, anxiety, depression, irritability, and hallucinations, can often mimic symptoms of mental health disorders.

For example, withdrawal from meth can cause extreme paranoia, anxiety, and hallucinations, which might be mistaken for symptoms of schizophrenia or other mental health conditions. Meth use can also cause long-term changes in the brain, which might lead to signs and symptoms that resemble mental health disorders even after the drug use has stopped.

Similarly, withdrawal from opioids such as heroin or prescription painkillers can cause anxiety, depression, and irritability, which can be misdiagnosed as generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder.

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These symptoms may persist for weeks or even months after the drug use has stopped, making it difficult to distinguish between withdrawal symptoms and underlying mental health conditions. In such cases, a doctor might prescribe an antidepressant to treat symptoms. But this only worsens the situation since depression isn't the primary issue. Eventually, the patient might end up with issues like emotional blunting after stopping antidepressants.

The Negative Impact of Misdiagnosed Mental Illness

Misdiagnosing withdrawal symptoms as mental health can lead to psychological and physical health issues. It can:

Exacerbate the underlying condition

If a person is misdiagnosed with a mental health disorder and prescribed medication to treat that disorder, the medicine may not address the underlying issue of withdrawal, and the person's symptoms may persist or worsen. Moreover, when misdiagnosed with a mental health disorder, they may be prescribed medications that can worsen their withdrawal symptoms or cause new ones.

For example, benzodiazepines, often used to treat anxiety, are addictive and can worsen withdrawal symptoms if a person is already experiencing them. Misdiagnosis can also delay or prevent patients from receiving appropriate attention for their withdrawal, leading to worsening the underlying condition.

Potentially life-threatening consequences

Some withdrawal symptoms, such as seizures, delirium tremens, and respiratory depression, can be life-threatening if left untreated. But when these symptoms are misdiagnosed, and appropriate treatment is delayed or not given, the patient may end up with potentially life-threatening complications, including coma or even death.

Increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and self-harm scenarios

Withdrawal symptoms can lead to intense emotional distress and increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and self-harm scenarios. And the risk is even higher when healthcare providers misdiagnose the symptoms as mental health issues and offer inappropriate medication.

Psychological consequences

Misdiagnosis can also have psychological consequences, leading to a feeling of hopelessness and frustration for the individual. Patients with misdiagnosed mental conditions can end up feeling deflated, confused, and frustrated when they notice that the treatment prescribed is not working. Sometimes, they might feel hopeless or like failures and turn to drugs or alcohol to self-medicate. In extreme cases, they may self-harm or even commit suicide.

Increased risk to self-medicate

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Mental health issues often co-occur with substance use disorders. In fact, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, people with Drug abuse issues may also struggle with mental health issues like bipolar disorder, ADHD, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. This is mainly because these co-occurring disorders share the same contributing factors, including environmental and biological factors. 

A misdiagnosis, coupled with a lack of access to the proper psychiatric treatment can further drive one to addiction as they self-medicate to mask the symptoms, trying to make themselves feel better. Conditions like marijuana, cocaine, and opioid use disorder are common because they bring euphoria and escape from the reality of an undiagnosed mental issue.

Causes of Misdiagnosis of Withdrawal Symptoms

There are several potential causes of misdiagnosis of withdrawal symptoms, including:

Prevention and Treatment

Misdiagnosing withdrawal symptoms as mental health issues can significantly affect a patient's health and well-being. However, there are steps that healthcare professionals can take to prevent misdiagnosis and provide appropriate treatment.

  1. One of the most critical steps to prevent misdiagnosis of withdrawal symptoms is to increase education and awareness among healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals should receive education and training on the common symptoms of withdrawal to improve their understanding and ability to recognize them. This education can help reduce the number of misdiagnosed cases.
  2. Open communication between healthcare professionals and patients is also essential. Patients should disclose their history of substance abuse and the extent of their withdrawal symptoms. This information can help healthcare professionals make a proper diagnosis.
  3. Proper assessment and diagnosis of withdrawal symptoms are crucial to providing the correct treatment. Healthcare professionals should assess and diagnose withdrawal symptoms properly. This assessment can help identify the root cause of the symptoms, leading to proper treatment.
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Once a patient is correctly diagnosed, the appropriate treatment can be administered. Treatment for withdrawal symptoms may include medications to manage physical symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and seizures. Behavioral therapies may also address psychological symptoms and help individuals manage their cravings and triggers. Patients can also try out natural remedies for antidepressant withdrawal.

At More Than Rehab, we offer comprehensive, evidence-based treatments to address withdrawal symptoms and support long-term recovery. Our treatment plans are personalized to meet each individual's unique needs and may include a combination of medications, behavioral therapies, and other supportive services. Therapies are especially critical in managing withdrawal as it helps patients handle stress better.

We offer a comprehensive assessment and evaluation process for misdiagnosed clients to determine the underlying causes of their addiction or related issues. This process involves gathering information about the individual's medical and psychiatric history, as well as their substance use, related behaviors and known side effects. If a client has been misdiagnosed, we work with them to re-evaluate their diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan that addresses the underlying causes of their addiction or related issues.

We aim to provide personalized, compassionate care to help individuals achieve and maintain recovery. We are committed to providing the best substance abuse treatment and ongoing support and care to promote long-term success. Call us today. We are available to help 24/7.

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How Prescription Drugs Helped Fuel the Drug Overdose Epidemic

The opioid epidemic is a serious public health crisis that has been ravaging communities in the United States for years. While many of us may associate illicit drugs such as heroin with causing drug overdoses, prescription drugs have also played a significant role in this devastating trend. The widespread availability and ease of obtaining these medications, combined with their powerful strength and addictive properties, have resulted in an alarming rise in overdose deaths due to prescription drug misuse.

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's statistics indicate about 107,622 drug overdose deaths in the US during 2021. Synthetic opioids like fentanyl were responsible for a large portion of the deaths, accounting for 71,238 deaths. But prescription opioids (such as oxycodone and hydrocodone) were also major contributors to the crisis. According to the CDC, natural or semi-synthetic drugs accounted for 13,722 overdose deaths in 2020 and 13,503 in 2021.

These deaths were attributed mainly to over-prescribing opioid painkillers like OxyContin, which has led to numerous cases of physical dependence and addiction. In 2016, the CDC issued a national guideline on pain management to help improve appropriate opioid prescribing and minimize opioid-related risks. The guideline got a lot of support from Americans, especially in two key elements: advising physicians to issue less than a three-day supply of opioid painkillers for acute pain and trying other treatment options before considering opioids for chronic pain.

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Understanding Prescription Drugs Misuse

Prescription drugs are obtained with a doctor's prescription. They treat medical conditions, including pain, anxiety, and depression. However, they can also be abused due to their powerful effects.

Prescription drugs, like any other drug, can lead to substance use disorders as an unintended consequence. It is well-documented that these medications can be highly addictive and are major risk factors for people developing opioid use disorder.

The false sense of safety that comes with obtaining these medications from a doctor or pharmacy can lead some people to take them in ways they weren't prescribed. For example, they will:

Besides, since many people store these drugs in the medicine cabinet, they can be easily accessible to others, including young people. This increases the risk of them being taken and abused without the supervision of a healthcare professional. Taking someone else's medication can lead to dangerous side effects and death.

How Prescription Drug Abuse Contributes to the Overdose Crisis

Prescription painkiller abuse has become a major contributor to the overdose crisis in the United States. These drugs are often prescribed for legitimate medical conditions, such as pain management or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, when used improperly or for non-medical reasons, they can lead to substance use disorders, addiction, and even overdose deaths.

There are several ways in which prescription drugs like Oxycontin, Adderall, etc., contribute to the overdose crisis:

One of the ways is through the development of opioid dependence. People prescribed opioids for an injury or chronic pain may start to rely on them for relief, leading to a physical dependence on the drug. As their tolerance builds, they may need to take higher doses to achieve the same level of pain relief, increasing their risk of overdose.

Another way is through the use of street drugs. When people become dependent on prescription opioids and cannot obtain them, they may turn to street drugs like heroin to manage their withdrawal symptoms. Heroin is often cheaper and more readily available than prescription opioids, making it an attractive option for those struggling with addiction. However, street drugs are often more potent and can lead to a higher risk of overdose.

Polydrug use is also an issue, particularly when people combine opioids with alcohol or other sedatives. This practice often increases the risk of overdose and can be deadly.

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Who is to Blame for the Opioid Crisis?

It's important to note that the misuse of prescription drugs is not solely the patient's fault. Physicians have been criticized for overprescribing opioids, with some labeled as "pill mill doctors." They were seen as contributors to the crisis due to their over-reliance on opioid prescriptions to manage pain rather than exploring alternative treatments.

Pharmaceutical companies such as Purdue Pharmaceuticals have also been blamed for the crisis. Purdue, the real co-conspirator, was accused of downplaying the risks of addiction and exaggerating the benefits of OxyContin. It was also blamed for aggressively marketing the drug to physicians and misleading the public about the safety of its products.

The third guilty party is the American Pain Society, with its "pain as the 5th vital sign" campaign. This campaign promoted the idea that pain should be treated as a vital sign, like temperature, pulse, etc. However, it didn't come with any device to objectively measure pain as the previous vital signs, pulse temperature, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

The 5th vital sign campaign was the first and only subjective vital sign. It led to a significant increase in opioid prescriptions, as doctors were pressured to treat patients' pain more aggressively.

Fourth on the list of blame is the Joint Commission. In 2001, it issued a mandate that required hospitals to use pain scales to evaluate patients' pain.

The commission also published a pain management guide that downplayed doctors' concerns about opioid addiction, tolerance, and risk of death. Additionally, it framed pain management as a patient's rights issue, increasing the pressure to prescribe opioids. Purdue Pharma sponsored this guide. 

Press Ganey is the fifth guilty party on the list. This company helped develop patient satisfaction surveys. The results of these surveys were then used to rank hospitals.

Then enters, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a mandate to hospitals in 2002. The mandate threatened their Medicare reimbursement if patient satisfaction scores didn't meet specific standards. Patient satisfaction was based on surveys that included them scoring their satisfaction with pain control.

Inevitably, hospital administrators made it to the blame list. With CMS' mandate, hospital administrators felt pressure to increase patient satisfaction scores by any means necessary. So they started to pressure doctors to prescribe more opioids for pain management and patient satisfaction. This eventually led to overprescribing and misuse of opioids.

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Prescription Drugs Lawsuits

Numerous lawsuits have been filed against major pharmaceutical companies and high-profile figures concerning the opioid epidemic. One notable example is the lawsuit against Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin. The company and members of the Sackler family, who owned Purdue, have been accused of aggressively marketing OxyContin while downplaying the risks of addiction, leading to the widespread abuse of the drug and the opioid epidemic.

In 2019, Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty to federal criminal charges and settled with the Department of Justice. The company and the Sackler family agreed to pay $8 billion in fines and penalties.

States and municipalities have also sued Johnson & Johnson, Teva, and Endo International over their role in the opioid epidemic. In 2021, Johnson & Johnson was ordered to pay $572 million in a landmark opioid trial in Oklahoma and is currently facing lawsuits in several other states.

Teva has settled with New York for $523 million and is working to finalize a nationwide settlement valued at more than $4.2 billion. And Endo which has now filed for bankruptcy has agreed to pay $450 million to support the treatment and prevention of opioid abuse. 

Opioid Abuse Treatment

More Than Rehab offers a range of treatment options to help those struggling with opioid addiction and substance abuse break the cycle and achieve long-term sobriety. The treatment center provides an array of evidence-based therapies, including individual and group counseling, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), relapse prevention training, and more.

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Why Are Older Adults Abusing Drugs More Than Ever?

Substance abuse among older adults is a significant issue that can have severe consequences for the health and well-being of older adults and those around them. Despite this, drug abuse rates among older adults are increasing faster than any other age group. A 2018 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration survey found that approximately one million seniors above 65 (or 2% of the senior population) had a substance use disorder in the past year. Some 3% use marijuana, and 1 in 10 engage in binge drinking.

The pandemic didn't help either, as lockdowns disrupted routines, isolation, and fear spread. 2020 reports from the National Center for Health Statistics showed a shocking 53% increase in opioid-related deaths among the baby boomers over the previous year. Alcohol-related deaths, which had already been rising for a decade in this age group, rose by 18%.

All these numbers lead us to the question, why are more older adults in the United States abusing drugs than ever before? This article will explore potential causes of this trend, including loneliness, boredom, mental health problems, and lack of access to appropriate healthcare.

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Prescription Medication

One of the key factors behind increasing substance abuse among older adults is the use of prescription medications. Older adults may face an increased risk of chronic pain, heart disease, and other health conditions as they age.

As part of quality health care, prescription medications can help relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life. However, if the medication is misused, it could lead to abuse. Sadly, many senior citizens abuse prescription medications for reasons like:

Social Isolation

Social isolation, or the lack of social connections and relationships, can be a risk factor for substance abuse in adults of all ages. That's because it can lead to negative emotions such as loneliness, boredom, and stress.

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Older adults may be more vulnerable to social isolation due to retirement, losing a spouse or other loved ones, or limited mobility. They may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with these negative emotions. Social isolation can also increase the risk of mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, which can increase the risk of substance abuse.

Mental Health Issues

Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments can increase the risk of substance abuse in older adults. These mental health issues may be due to various factors, including the natural aging process, physical health problems, social isolation, or other stressors.

Older adults with mental health issues may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with their emotions or self-medicate for their mental health problems. Substance abuse can temporarily relieve negative emotions but can also lead to addiction and other negative consequences. Substance abuse can also exacerbate mental health problems and create a cycle of substance abuse and mental health issues.

Other Common Causes of Drug Abuse Among the Elderly

Impacts of Drug Abuse Among Older Adults

Substance abuse among older adults can seriously impact physical and mental health and the overall quality of life. Some of the potential impacts of drug abuse among older adults include:

Challenges in Identifying Addiction in the Elderly

Age-related changes can make it difficult for caregivers and healthcare providers to recognize and diagnose substance abuse in older adults. These age-related changes include changes in metabolism, which can affect how quickly and effectively a person's body processes drugs. In addition, older adults may be less likely to report symptoms of substance abuse, as they may feel embarrassed or ashamed to admit that they are having a problem with drugs or alcohol.

These age-related changes can make it difficult for healthcare providers to identify addiction in an older adult accurately. For this reason, it is essential for caregivers and healthcare providers to be aware of the risk factors and warning signs of substance abuse among older adults.

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Some Warning Signs of Drug Abuse in Older Adults

Some common signs that may indicate an older adult is abusing drugs or alcohol include:

Treating Substance Abuse in Older Adults

Addiction treatment in older adults should be tailored to the individual's age and health status. Treatment options include medication-assisted treatment, behavioral health therapies, counseling, and support groups. In some cases, long-term residential care may be necessary to ensure the individual gets the treatment they need to successfully manage addiction and live a healthy life.

It is also important to remember that addiction in older adults can be caused by underlying medical or mental health conditions. Therefore, it is essential to address any underlying issues to ensure that the individual receives comprehensive care and support.

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How Does Addiction Affect Men and Women Differently?

Addiction is a severe mental health condition that can have devastating consequences for those affected by it. Men and women experience addiction differently, yet the impact on their lives can be equally profound. While addiction causes many similar effects in men and women, there are some key differences between the sexes regarding how they develop a dependency, their likelihood of seeking help, and what sort of medically assisted help they need.

This article will provide an overview of how addiction affects men and women differently. In addition, it will explore the unique challenges that each gender faces in seeking treatment, overcoming substance abuse issues, and finding a path to recovery. By understanding the differences between men and women, we can better empathize with those affected by addiction and work to ensure that all people have access to the resources they need to combat addiction and move forward with their lives.

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How Men and Women Become Addicted Differently

While anyone can develop an addiction to drugs or alcohol, certain factors may increase the risk of dependency. One of these factors is gender. Men and women typically develop addiction differently for various reasons, including biological differences, societal pressures, and other environmental factors.

According to the National Institute on Drugs Abuse, men are likely to use all kinds of illicit drugs, and these drugs can lead to ER visits or overdose deaths. Illegal drug use refers to using drugs like cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, marijuana, and prescription drugs illegally.

In addition, NIDA points out that men, in most age groups, have higher rates of use and dependence on alcohol and drugs than women. Studies have found that men are 2.2 times more likely to abuse substances and 1.9 times likelier to develop a drug dependence than women.

Historically, most substance use disorders (SUD) were seen in men. However, there's evidence that this has been shifting over the years. A study analyzed the rates of substance abuse by gender over many decades. It discovered that the gap between men and women was closing, as women and men are now developing SUD at near-equal rates.

Despite this, women may be more susceptible to craving substances and relapse, vital phases of the addiction cycle.

Notably, age significantly impacts addiction in both men and women. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that the use of illegal drugs was almost the same in youth ages 12 to 17 years.

The distinction between how men and women suffer from addiction stems from biological and sociological differences. Researchers believe this distinction is due to societal impact (like relationship dynamics, addiction stigma, childcare responsibilities, etc.). Men and women also have biological differences, primarily revolving around estrogen and testosterone production, along with body composition and size that can cause the drugs to affect the body differently.

Harvard notes that the main difference in addiction between the two genders revolves around susceptibility, recovery, and risk of relapse.

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Susceptibility

Men are more likely to become dependent on substances. They also tend to develop drug addiction due to stress or peer pressure. On the other hand, women are more likely to develop addiction due to underlying mental health issues such as depression, anxiety disorders, or trauma history. For example, a woman who experiences sexual assault is more likely to self-medicate with drugs or alcohol to cope.

Women also experience accelerated progression from initial drug use to the onset of addiction and first admission to treatment. This phenomenon, called telescoping, has been observed in studies focusing on women addicted to alcohol or drugs like cannabis and opioids. It has been shown that women who enter addiction treatment often present with a more severe clinical profile than men despite having used fewer substances within a shorter timeframe than men. 

Recovery

Men tend to stabilize substance abuse at lower doses compared to women. They are also likely to experience more intense symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. On the other hand, women may experience more severe drug withdrawal symptoms, including liver damage and overdose. In addition, men may be more likely to experience heart problems due to drug use.

Risk of Relapse

Women have a much higher risk of experiencing intense cravings and relapse than men. This is due to various factors, including the biological differences mentioned earlier, but also due to societal pressures and other environmental factors.

Specific Substances

Alcohol

Women have less water in their bodies than men. This means they do not need as much alcohol to get drunk. Women also don't break down alcohol as fast because their body has lower levels of an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase. Besides, men and women abuse alcohol for different reasons.

Men tend to drink for social reasons or to enhance positive emotions, while women sometimes use alcohol to alleviate mental health problems like stress or anxiety. This explains why more women have co-occurring alcohol abuse and mental disorders. Sadly, women are less likely to seek treatment for their binge drinking issues than men.

Opioids

Some studies indicate that women may experience chronic pain more intensely than men. This may explain why women are more likely to use prescription and illicit opioids for chronic pain management and why they develop addiction faster. Women also tend to get heightened dopamine responses in the brain, accelerating the development of a dependence on drugs. Despite their heightened susceptibility, men are more likely to misuse opioids and fatally overdose.

Surveys have shown that women are more likely to overdose fatally in the first years of an opioid use disorder involving injection. This is partly because of polydrug use. But they tend to survive heroin abuse after a few years of use compared to men.

Most women who abuse opioids, especially heroin, are young and mostly do so because of pressure from sexual partners or social circles. But they mostly take smaller doses for a shorter time and don't inject.

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Stimulants

Women may be more likely to become addicted to stimulants, like drugs and alcohol, because their bodies are made differently. Women have hormones like estrogen, which can strengthen stimulants' effects. This means they need smaller amounts of drugs or alcohol to get drunk or high than men do.

Get Addiction Treatment for Both Men and Women

Men and women differ in their substance abuse behavior, how they experience addiction and its consequences, and how they respond to treatment. The differences between the genders should be considered when planning addiction treatment programs. Tailored interventions and gender-specific treatments are needed to help both men and women seek addiction treatment and successfully recover.

Group therapy, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and other forms of behavioral health support are also crucial for a successful recovery. Family members must also play an essential part in treatment to help the individual cope with cravings and maintain abstinence. With proper support and treatment, both men and women have a good chance of achieving long-term recovery.

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Is the Fentanyl Vaccine Real? How Do I Get One?

At a time when drug overdose is quickly becoming an epidemic in the United States, researchers at the University of Houston are hard at work on a solution that could save countless lives. They're developing a vaccine for fentanyl, an opioid linked to numerous fatal overdoses. This fentanyl vaccine could be a major game changer in the deadly drug overdose epidemic that has been sweeping the nation.

This groundbreaking research seeks to create antibodies that will bind to the drug and block its ability to produce feelings of euphoria and cause an overdose. If this vaccine is successful, it will offer a powerful solution for people suffering from addiction and those at risk of accidental overdose.

But is this vaccine real, and how does one get it? In this article, we'll explore the progress of the research at the University of Houston and answer those questions. We'll also discuss how this new approach to overdose prevention differs from treatments such as Naloxone or Buprenorphine and why a publicly available vaccine may not be available for many years.

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Understanding the Fentanyl Vaccine

The University of Houston is leading the way in research on a fentanyl vaccine that could potentially save lives. The vaccine would work by creating antibodies that will bind to the dangerous synthetic drug and prevent it from entering the brain, drastically reducing its ability to produce feelings of euphoria.

The research published on Pharmaceutics found that the vaccine was effective in lab rats and didn't cause adverse side effects. In the study, both male and female rats that got immunized produced high levels of anti-fentanyl antibodies that neutralized fentanyl-induced effects. The vaccine also reduced the levels of fentanyl in the brain after drug administration and prevented the drop in measures like heart rate and oxygen saturation. 

According to one researcher, these findings could have a significant impact on the opioid crisis that has been crippling the country for years. The vaccine could provide an effective, sustainable and long-lasting solution to the opioid epidemic.

It prevents the most desired effects of the drug (getting high) and allows the drug to be eliminated from the body through the kidneys. And seeing there were no adverse side effects in the immunized rats in the studies, the research team plans on producing a clinical-grade vaccine in the future, with clinical trials on humans ensuing after. 

A Timely Help for the Fentanyl Crisis in the US

The potential for a fentanyl vaccine to save lives is immense. As the opioid crisis continues to widen, more and more people are becoming addicted to this powerful synthetic drug. A vaccine would offer an effective solution for people suffering from substance use disorders, those at risk of accidental overdose, and those in recovery.

In 2021, the Centers for Diseases Control reported 107,622 overdose deaths in the United States, with opioids accounting for over 75% of these fatalities. According to the CDC, opioid overdose cases increased from 70,029 in 2020 to 80,816 in 2021.

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Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, were responsible for most of these fatalities. Fentanyl is a potent painkiller similar to morphine but 50 to 100 times more powerful. It has been linked to numerous overdose deaths and is increasingly becoming one of the most dangerous drugs in the country.

How is the Fentanyl Vaccine Different from Naloxone or Buprenorphine?

The fentanyl vaccine is different from maintenance treatments like naloxone or buprenorphine because it works by creating antibodies in the body that will bind to the dangerous synthetic drug, blocking its ability to produce feelings of euphoria and cause an overdose. Naloxone and buprenorphine, on the other hand, work by blocking or partially blocking opioid receptors. As a result, they are often used to reduce cravings and withdrawals in patients in recovery.

How Buprenorphine Works

Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist that stimulates the same receptors as opioids, such as heroin or fentanyl. This medication binds to the same receptors as opioids, producing similar effects but with much lower potency. This means that buprenorphine can block or partially block the feelings of intense euphoria caused by opioids while also reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

How Naloxone Works

Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist that binds to the same receptors as opioids but with much higher potency. This means that it can completely block the effects of opioids, making it an essential medication for reversing opioid overdose. When administered on time, naloxone can rapidly reverse the effects of opioids, restoring normal respiration.

Unlike naloxone and buprenorphine, the fentanyl vaccine does not work by blocking the opioid receptors in the body. Instead, it stimulates the body's immune response to produce antibodies that bind to fentanyl molecules and block their effects. This means that those who get the vaccine won't feel high while using fentanyl and might therefore stop using the drug altogether.

It's important to note that the vaccine is still in its early stages of development and will take years before it's available on the market. Addiction treatment is currently the best way to prevent an overdose. Besides, some experts have pointed out that while the scientific breakthrough discovery is incredible and innovative, it is not a silver bullet to address the drug addiction crisis. That is to say, the vaccine mainly focuses on fentanyl's impact on the brain, yet environmental and social pressures also contribute to addiction.

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Addiction Treatment

Addiction treatment is the best way to prevent an overdose, manage withdrawal symptoms and treat substance abuse. It typically involves a combination of medications, behavioral therapies, and support groups. In many cases, family members are also included in addiction treatment plans and may help provide support and accountability.

At More Than Rehab, we understand that addiction is a complex issue and requires comprehensive treatment. We offer a range of treatments, including individual and group counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy relapse prevention, medication-assisted treatment, and 12-step programs. We also provide comprehensive aftercare services to ensure a successful recovery.

If you or someone you love is struggling with addiction, please contact us today to learn more about our services. We are here to help.

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Is it Possible to be Addicted to Marijuana?

Some people use marijuana as a recreational pastime. Others use it for medicinal purposes. Either way, many wonder if it's possible to become addicted to marijuana.

The answer is yes; it is possible to become addicted to marijuana just like any other drug or alcohol. According to studies, some people who use marijuana may develop marijuana use disorder meaning they have difficulty controlling their marijuana use.

Marijuana is a Schedule I drug and has a high potential for abuse. According to studies, marijuana is the most abused drug in the US. Both recreational and medical marijuana can cause dependence issues. 

What is Marijuana or Cannabis Use Disorder?

Marijuana or cannabis use disorder is having difficulty controlling your marijuana use. When you have marijuana use disorder, You may feel an intense desire to continue using despite adverse consequences, and you may experience withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit. The severity of marijuana use disorder is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.

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How Does Cannabis Use Disorder Happen?

Cannabis use disorder can happen when someone uses marijuana frequently or in large amounts. It can also be caused by physical, psychological, environmental, and genetic factors. The drug contains tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, a psychoactive ingredient that trigger's the brain's endocannabinoid receptors. Over time, you become less sensitive to the chemicals in marijuana and need more of it to feel the same effects.

Symptoms of Marijuana Dependence

The signs and symptoms of marijuana dependence can be physical or psychological.

Physical symptoms of marijuana use disorder include:

Psychological symptoms of marijuana use disorder include:

Legalization Efforts and the Impacts on Marijuana Use 

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In recent years, many states have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal and recreational purposes. This has led to marijuana becoming more accessible and accepted in today's society. As a result, there has been an increasing number of individuals using marijuana and a greater number of individuals becoming addicted to it.

The legalization efforts have also increased the availability and variety of marijuana products, such as edibles, waxes, and oils. Some of these products have higher concentrations of THC than the traditional plant-based form of marijuana and can lead to more severe and longer-lasting effects on the user.

And as marijuana use becomes more common, more people are exposed to its risks. It's essential for individuals, especially those in vulnerable populations, to be aware of the potential risks associated with using marijuana and the potential for addiction.

It's also essential for people to know that help is available if they are struggling with dependence and addiction. Seeking treatment from a qualified professional can help individuals overcome their addiction and reclaim control of their lives.

Long-Term Effects of Marijuana Addiction

Though marijuana is often considered a harmless drug, many dangers are associated with long-term use.

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Treatment Options for Marijuana Addiction

Fortunately, there is a range of treatment options available for people who are struggling with marijuana addiction.

At the moment, the FDA has not approved any medications specifically for the treatment of marijuana addiction. However, research is ongoing, and there are some promising results from trials with existing medications (like sleep and anti-epileptic drugs) that may be effective in treating marijuana use disorder.

Finally, professional rehab and support groups can be an essential part of recovery for people with marijuana addiction. These will provide peer-based support, public health care resources, mental health treatment, and life skills training that can help people rebuild their lives.

No matter what approach is taken, the most crucial step in overcoming marijuana addiction is a commitment to making positive changes in one's life. With the proper support and dedication, it's possible to break free from addiction and start living a healthier, more fulfilling life.

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What Emojis Are Kids Using to Buy & Sell Drugs?

When it comes to kids and drug use, there is a lot that parents need to be on the lookout for. Unfortunately, new research suggests that kids are now turning to slang terms and emojis to hide illicit drug use from their parents and the authorities. These covert techniques make it more difficult for adults to detect suspicious behavior, leaving kids at greater risk of addiction and negative consequences.

At the heart of this shift in communication is the rise of smartphone technology. Kids are constantly using emojis, texting slang terms, and engaging in other forms of digital communication on their mobile devices. But while these behaviors were once harmless ways of expressing themselves or staying connected with peers, they can now be used as a smokescreen for illicit drug use.

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With the young ones using coded language or emojis to reference drugs when communicating online, it's much more difficult for parents to recognize troubling behavior. But luckily, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has shared a reference guide to give parents, educators, caregivers, and other influencers a better sense of how young people are using emojis in conjunction with illicit drugs.

According to the DEA, the coded language benefits drug dealers and youngsters seeking drugs. On the one hand, it protects the dealers from getting caught or detected. On the other, it allows minors to buy drugs without their parents or guardians knowing, as the emojis often seem harmless to an untrained eye. The secret codes and emojis also bypass law enforcement's monitoring of certain websites and social media platforms where illegal substances are bought and sold.

Emoji Drug Code: Decoded - A Look Into the DEA's Emoji Chart

Social media has long been a place where illegal drugs are sold. But in recent years, law enforcement agencies have begun to notice the new ways people use emojis to buy and sell drugs.

To share information, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) offers this reference guide that decodes the meanings behind some of the most popular emojis used in conjunction with illegal drugs.

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Fake Prescription Drug Examples

Minors and dealers use these emojis to refer to the following fake prescription drugs:

 

Dealer Signals Examples

Drug dealers also have a secret code explaining how the drugs in question may be delivered. For example, they may use a gas pump, car, or cellphone for in-person deliveries and a parachute or shipping box for mail deliveries. According to the DEA's chart, dealer signals include:

Other Drugs

The DEA further explained that other drugs have their corresponding emoji code as well, including:

Other Emojis to Watch Out For

Beyond the emojis provided by the DEA, there are other creative ways in which people are using emojis to buy and sell drugs, including:

🌿 / 🍁 / 🍃 / 🥦 — Marijuana

💉 / 🐉 / 🐎 / 🎯 — Heroin

⛷️ / 🥥 / 🤧 — Cocaine

🤤 / 🤯 — MDMA

💨 / 🚬 — Smoking a joint

⚗️ — Used to indicate a bong

🥧 — A large number of drugs

🔮 — Cough syrup

🏔 — Crystal meth

💊 — Prescription pills, heroin, or drugs generally

⛽ — "Gassed," intoxicated

🔥 — To have fun, meaning intoxicated, to "blaze up" or "be lit"

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Why is it Important to Know These Emojis?

Parents and guardians need to know these emojis because kids use them to buy and sell drugs. The emojis seem harmless to an untrained eye, but they have a secret code that kids and dealers use to talk about drugs. In the age where drug overdose deaths in adolescents have increased dramatically, it's more important than ever to uncover teen drug abuse before it's too late.

Drug use is a real problem among minors. While some might try out drugs because of peer pressure, many minors use drugs to cope with mental health disorders like stress or depression. Sadly, drug use is claiming more adolescents' lives each year.

According to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, overdose deaths among adolescents nearly doubled from 492 in 2019 to 954 in 2020 and increased another 20% in 2021. These deaths are mostly driven by illicit fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, methamphetamine, and cocaine, often in combination or adulterated forms.

As more kids adopt emojis for concealing illegal activity, parents and other concerned parties must take the time to understand their language patterns and educate themselves about this new form of drug-related communication. Watching for warning signs can help, but being proactive by learning the code can be even more effective in keeping minors safe.

What to Do When You Notice A Minor Using These Emojis for Drugs

If you see a minor using any of these emojis in an online chat, in person, or in a text message, it's important to take action. While not all drug-related emoji use is indicative of illegal activity, it's always best to err on the side of caution and address the issue directly with the child in question.

Discuss with them why drug use is dangerous and why you're concerned. If they are using drugs or binge drinking alcohol, help them get the treatment they need to overcome their drug use problem. Treatment centers offer comprehensive programs, including cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy, that can help your child recover from addiction and lead a happy, healthy life. The programs can also arm them with coping skills to avoid relapse in the future.

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