The Link Between ADHD and Substance Use: Untreated Diagnosis in Adults

Many people think of ADHD as a childhood issue. In reality, it affects millions of adults too. Studies estimate that over 15 million adults in the US —about 5% of the population—have ADHD symptoms. Yet less than 20% of those know it. Even among those who know, only about a quarter receive treatment. That leaves millions struggling with symptoms that affect work, relationships, and daily life.

If ADHD goes untreated, people often look for ways to cope. Some turn to alcohol, nicotine, or illicit drugs—not necessarily to get high, but to feel more in control. It’s not about making bad choices. It’s about trying to quiet the mental chaos.

Research confirms this connection. A study published by the National Institute of Health found that adults with ADHD are nearly 3.10 times more likely to develop a substance use disorder compared to controls. Another study found children to be at risk, too. The risk factors for SUD were twice as high among those with ADHD and four times higher for those with comorbid conduct disorder.

If you’ve been using substances to manage ADHD symptoms, it’s not a sign of failure. It’s a sign that your brain is looking for relief. Below, we’ll show you better ways to manage ADHD, ones that help in the long term.

ADHD Symptoms and the Risk of Substance Use

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the brain’s executive functions, including impulse control, attention regulation, and emotional processing. These functions are primarily influenced by neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a critical role in motivation, reward processing, and focus.

People with ADHD often have lower baseline levels of dopamine activity in key areas of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Dopamine is responsible for reinforcing pleasurable behaviors, regulating motivation, and sustaining attention. Because ADHD brains struggle to use dopamine efficiently, they often seek out external stimuli to compensate.

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This biological drive for stimulation can make substances particularly appealing. Stimulants like nicotine and cocaine artificially increase dopamine levels, providing a temporary sense of focus and motivation. Depressants like alcohol and cannabis can dull hyperactivity and impulsivity, creating a sense of calm. The problem is that these effects are short-lived, and over time, they disrupt the brain’s natural dopamine regulation, increasing the risk of tolerance, dependence, and addiction.

The Connection Between Adderall Misuse and ADHD

ADHD makes it hard for the brain to regulate dopamine. When dopamine levels are too low, tasks that require sustained attention feel impossible. This is why ADHD can cause:

Difficulty focusing and staying on task
Restlessness or hyperactivity and impulsivity
Acting on impulse without thinking

Stimulant medications like Adderall (a mix of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) help increase dopamine levels in a controlled way. For people with ADHD, this makes it easier to concentrate, stay organized, and manage impulses. When prescribed, doctors carefully adjust the dose to ensure the brain gets the right amount—enough to improve symptoms without unwanted side effects.

Why Some People Misuse Adderall

Not everyone with ADHD gets diagnosed early. Many adults struggle with focus, productivity, and mental fatigue without realizing why. When they try Adderall—often borrowed from a friend or taken for school or work—they suddenly feel “normal” for the first time.

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This can be eye-opening but also risky. Without medical advice, people may take more than their brain needs, leading to misuse and dependency.

Too much Adderall can overload the brain with dopamine, causing:

Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Insomnia and loss of appetite
Irritability, mood swings, and crashes
Withdrawal symptoms when stopping

Since Adderall activates the brain’s reward system, it’s easy to develop a reliance on it, mainly when used without a prescription. That’s why the DEA classifies Adderall as a Schedule II controlled substance—it’s medically useful but highly addictive when misused.

Adderall Misuse in Adults with ADHD

Even those with a prescription can struggle with Adderall misuse. Studies show that up to 25% of adults prescribed stimulants take more than they should, hoping for better focus or energy. This often happens with immediate-release (IR) Adderall, which wears off faster, making people tempted to take extra doses.

Some research suggests that extended-release (XR) Adderall is harder to abuse because it enters the bloodstream more slowly. But misuse can still happen, especially if someone builds a tolerance and starts increasing their dose without medical guidance.

ADHD, Adderall, and Substance Use Risk

People with ADHD are almost three times more likely to develop a substance use disorder (SUD) than those without ADHD. Stimulant misuse can also lead to polysubstance use, where individuals start experimenting with other gateway drugs like opioids or cocaine to maintain the same feeling of focus or energy.

This is why proper diagnosis and treatment matter. When ADHD is treated correctly, with the proper medication, therapy, and support groups, the need to self-medicate decreases. Adderall can be life-changing when used the right way—but without medical oversight, it can lead to more harm than good.

If you think you have ADHD and have been using Adderall without a prescription, talking to a doctor can help you find a safer, long-term solution. ADHD is manageable, and you don’t have to rely on self-medicating to feel in control.

Barriers to Diagnosis and Treatment in Adults

Many adults with ADHD go undiagnosed because their symptoms don’t match the childhood stereotype of hyperactivity. Instead of bouncing off the walls, they might struggle with difficulty focusing, organization, emotional regulation, or chronic procrastination. Because of this, ADHD is often mistaken for anxiety, depression, or other mental health disorders, making it harder for people to get the right diagnosis and treatment.

Stigma and misconceptions also play a role. Many adults hesitate to seek help because they worry they won’t be taken seriously or have been told that ADHD is just an excuse. Women, in particular, are often overlooked because their symptoms tend to be more internal—like overthinking, forgetfulness, or feeling overwhelmed. Even when people recognize their symptoms, getting an ADHD diagnosis can be difficult due to long wait times, expensive evaluations, and a lack of trained specialists.

Breaking the Cycle with Proper ADHD Treatment

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The good news is that effective ADHD treatment reduces the risk of substance use disorder. Studies indicate that early diagnosis and treatment—especially with stimulant medications prescribed under medical advice—significantly lower the likelihood of developing addiction. This is because ADHD medications help regulate dopamine levels in a controlled way, reducing the brain’s need to seek external stimulation.

Other interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), structured routines, family therapy, and lifestyle modifications, further support the long-term management of ADHD symptoms without the risks associated with illicit drugs.

Get Help at More Than Rehab

If ADHD and addiction have been controlling your life, there is a way out. More Than Rehab (MTR) takes a dual diagnosis approach, meaning we treat ADHD and substance use disorder together—because when both conditions are addressed, real recovery happens. Our team provides evidence-based therapies, medical support, and long-term strategies to help you manage ADHD effectively without turning to substances.

If you or your family members need help, don’t wait. Support groups, therapy, and addiction treatment can make all the difference. Reach out today and take the first step toward lasting recovery.

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Adderall Addiction Among College Students: A Growing Concern

College life isn’t easy—late nights, endless deadlines, and the constant pressure to keep up with classes, work, and everything else. For some students, it can feel like there’s just not enough time or energy to handle it all. So, they turn to Adderall to stay focused, get more done, and keep up with the demands of college life.

This explains why Adderall is one of the most abused prescription drugs on college campuses. Recent studies show that about 20% of college students in the US abuse the drug for nonmedical reasons. They call it a study drug, treating it like an academic booster to survive the grind of college life.

The problem is that many students believe that because it’s a prescription medication, it must be safe to use. But the truth is, using Adderall without a prescription can lead to serious consequences. Misuse can quickly escalate into dependency, bring on harmful side effects, and cause long-term damage to both physical and mental health.

In this article, we’ll dive deeper into why Adderall misuse is so common among college students, the dangers it poses, and how you can recognize the signs of substance use disorder. We’ll also explore steps to address the issue and where to find support for students struggling with study drug addiction.

Understanding Adderall Abuse in College

College students are under immense pressure, juggling coursework, extracurriculars, jobs, and internships, all while trying to maintain a social life. In this environment, Adderall becomes appealing because it’s known to help people concentrate for longer periods. It’s no surprise that some students use it without a prescription, believing that it’s just another academic tool.

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However, stimulants like Adderall aren’t harmless study aids. These medications are potent and can alter brain chemistry, especially if used by someone who doesn’t medically require them. Over time, misuse can lead to tolerance—meaning the student needs higher doses to achieve the same effect—and this creates a cycle of dependence that’s increasingly hard to break.

The Link Between ADHD and Misuse

Adderall is composed of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, designed to help those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) manage symptoms like inattention and impulsivity. Because there’s often a misunderstanding about the link between ADHD and “smart performance,” some students assume they can self-diagnose or that everyone can benefit from these drugs. This misconception fuels the nonmedical use of Adderall on campuses across the country, where the pressure to excel can overshadow the very real health concerns.

Why It Feels So Accessible

Adderall’s availability can also play a role. It’s not uncommon for students with legitimate prescriptions to share or sell their medication, making it easy for others to obtain. Plus, with the ongoing cultural narrative that “everyone’s doing it,” it can seem less risky than street drugs—even though the dangers are very real.

Red Flags for Parents

If you’re worried your child might be misusing Adderall, there are some key indicators to watch out for:

Erratic Sleep Patterns

What to look for: If your child is frequently staying awake for extended periods and then crashing for long hours, it may signal stimulant misuse. Complaints of difficulty sleeping or needing less sleep than usual can also be a red flag.
Why it matters: Adderall misuse disrupts natural sleep cycles, leading to severe exhaustion and long-term health consequences.

Extreme Focus Followed by Fatigue

What to look for: Periods of hyper-productivity—such as knocking out multiple assignments in record time—followed by noticeable crashes or periods of lethargy.
Why it matters: This cycle of intense focus and burnout is common in those misusing stimulants, as the body cannot sustain the artificial energy levels Adderall provides.

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Mood Swings and Anxiety

What to look for: Sudden irritability, heightened restlessness, or unexplained mood swings. Increased signs of anxiety, nervousness, or even social withdrawal may also be present.
Why it matters: Adderall can alter brain chemistry, leading to emotional instability and worsening mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression.

Physical Changes

What to look for: Rapid weight loss, reduced appetite, or complaints of headaches, nausea, or chest pain. You might also notice physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat or increased blood pressure.
Why it matters: These physical signs indicate the toll stimulant misuse takes on the body, including cardiovascular strain and reduced overall health.

Financial or Academic Red Flags

What to look for: Unexplained expenses, frequent requests for money, or difficulty managing finances. On the academic side, you might see sudden improvements in grades paired with erratic or unsustainable work habits.
Why it matters: Buying Adderall without a prescription often involves additional costs. Academic over-performance followed by burnout can also indicate reliance on the drug.

High-Risk Behavior

What to look for: If you discover your child has tried to snort Adderall or if they are mixing it with alcohol or other substances, this is a serious red flag. Reports of risky social behavior or increased partying may also hint at misuse.
Why it matters: Combining Adderall with alcohol raises the risk of severe outcomes, including alcohol poisoning, while snorting the drug increases its potency and dangers, leading to faster dependency.

The Risks of Long-Term Use

Using Adderall long-term without a prescription harms your child’s health. Physically, it increases blood pressure, disrupts heart rhythms, and raises the risk of cardiac arrest. Mixing it with alcohol worsens the effects and can lead to dangerous outcomes like alcohol poisoning. Many students lose weight rapidly and develop nutritional deficiencies, weakening their bodies.

Mentally, the risks are equally serious. Long-term misuse leads to dependency, with students struggling to quit due to severe withdrawal symptoms like fatigue, depression, and trouble focusing. It worsens anxiety, triggers mood swings, and pushes some toward other drugs. These effects damage emotional and physical health, often lasting far beyond college years.

How You Can Help

As a parent, your support plays a crucial role in helping your child overcome Adderall misuse. Start by opening the conversation calmly and without judgment. Let your child know you care about their health and well-being, not just academic performance. Ask them how they’re feeling and listen without interrupting. This creates a safe space for them to share their struggles.

Educate your child about the risks of Adderall misuse. Many students don’t fully understand the dangers of using stimulant medication without a prescription. Explain how it affects their body and mind over time and why it’s not the solution they think it is.

If you notice signs of misuse or dependency, encourage professional help. Reach out to a behavioral health specialist who can guide your child toward treatment. Therapy options like cognitive behavioral therapy can help them manage stress and develop healthier coping strategies. For those needing more support, programs like outpatient rehab offer structured treatment while allowing them to continue their studies.

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Lastly, support your child in creating a healthier routine. Help them explore better time management, access tutoring, or find campus resources that reduce academic pressure. Remind them that their mental and physical well-being matters far more than grades, and you’re here to guide them every step of the way.

Resources and Support

If your child struggles with Adderall addiction, it’s essential to act quickly and connect them with the proper support. Professional treatment programs, like those offered by More Than Rehab, specialize in addressing stimulant addiction. These programs provide personalized care, including therapy, medical supervision, and strategies to rebuild healthy habits. Options like outpatient rehab allow your child to get the help they need while continuing their education.

Remember, you don’t have to navigate this alone. Resources are available to help both you and your child overcome the challenges of Adderall addiction. Take the first step by contacting a behavioral health professional or a trusted treatment center. Together, you can help your child break free from Adderall addiction and build a healthier, more balanced future. Contact More Than Rehab today to learn how we can support you and your family. We are available 24/7, 365 days a year.

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The Price of Pills: The Hidden Costs of Drug Use

Pills have become integral to modern medicine, helping individuals manage pain, treat illnesses, and improve overall health. They are a vital component of health care – with over 131 million people (66%) of all adults in the US using prescription pills. However, the use of prescription drugs can also come at a high cost. This is the real price of pills.

Statistics show Americans spend more on prescription drugs, averaging about $1,300 per person yearly. And with almost half of the prescription medicines being paid out-of-pocket, the financial burden can be overwhelming.

But the true cost of prescription drug abuse extends beyond the price tag. The financial cost of prescription drugs can negatively impact physical and mental health, social relationships, career prospects, and personal safety.

This article will explore how drug use can impact an individual's life and why it's essential to be aware of the hidden costs. We'll also discuss the difference between drug misuse and drug abuse, the risk factors, and how to uncover the signs of prescription drug abuse.

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Prescription Pills and Addiction

Prescription pills are highly effective in treating various medical conditions. When taken as directed by a healthcare provider, they can provide significant relief. However, the misuse and abuse of prescription medications can lead to addiction and other negative consequences. Sadly, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reveals that prescription drug use is the fastest-growing drug problem in the United States, especially among young people.

Prescription pill addiction happens when individuals take medications beyond the prescribed dose or for reasons other than their intended use. This behavior can lead to physical dependence, where the body relies on the substance to function normally. Those addicted to prescription pills may experience withdrawal symptoms when they try to stop taking the drug.

The difference between prescription pill misuse and abuse lies in the severity and frequency of the behavior.

Misuse refers to using the drug in a manner other than prescribed, such as:

Taking more than the recommended dose
Taking it more frequently
Taking a drug that wasn't prescribed
Stopping the use of drugs too soon
Forgetting to take a dose

Misuse can be dangerous and potentially lead to addiction. But it does not necessarily indicate a substance use disorder.

On the other hand, prescription pill abuse refers to using the drug in a manner that is harmful, dangerous, or compulsive. Abuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence and negative consequences like health problems, self-harm, legal issues, and strained relationships. Abuse of prescription pills is a serious concern and requires professional help to overcome.

Some risk factors that increase the likelihood of prescription drug abuse are:

History of substance abuse
Family history
Mental health disorders
Easy access
Chronic pain

With that in mind, let's look at some hidden costs of drug use.

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The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Relationships

Prescription drug abuse can have a profound impact on all types of relationships. But the biggest casualty of addiction is intimacy between partners. Substance use disorders can create a rift between partners as the person using drugs shifts their attention to obtaining and using drugs than to maintaining the relationship. The trust that was once there can be lost, and the relationship can become strained or even completely shattered.

Beyond that, the financial impact of prescription drug abuse can cause a significant strain on relationships. The cost of addiction can quickly become overwhelming, leading to financial instability and debt.

The partner abusing pills may spend considerable money on obtaining drugs. This may translate to missed bill payments, unpaid debts, and bankruptcy. Such financial stress can further strain the relationship and lead to resentment and mistrust.

In extreme cases, partners abusing pills may turn to illegal activities, like theft or fraud, to support their addiction. This behavior can have legal consequences and can further damage the relationship, leading to feelings of betrayal and anger. There are also legal costs that may come to play.

The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Career

Prescription drug abuse can also significantly impact an individual's career. Those who abuse prescription drugs may struggle to maintain a job or perform their duties at work. They may be absent or late for work due to drug use or perform poorly due to the effects of the drugs. This can lead to job loss, difficulty finding new employment, and financial instability.

Drug abuse can also lead to legal and disciplinary actions at work. For example, if an employee is found to be using prescription drugs without a valid prescription or is caught using drugs while on the job, they may face legal consequences or disciplinary actions from their employer. This can result in a tarnished reputation and limited career prospects in the future.

There's also the comorbidity issue, where mental and addiction problems co-occur. According to studies, those struggling with addiction are likely to struggle with mental problems, as one issue often leads to another. Comorbidity can further impact career – as depression and anxiety may affect one's ability to work.

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The Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Health

Prescription drug abuse can have severe health consequences, ranging from short-term side effects like dizziness, nausea, high blood pressure, and confusion to long-term impacts such as heart and liver damage, respiratory problems, and increased risk of overdose. Some prescription drugs, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, can lead to physical dependence and addiction, further worsening health outcomes and severe withdrawal symptoms.

Beyond the direct health impacts, prescription drug abuse can increase the risk of accidents and injuries, including falls, car accidents, and other types of trauma. They can also exacerbate existing health problems, like mental health conditions, and interfere with medical treatments for other illnesses.

Most notable is the cost of addiction treatment. Treatment options such as detoxification, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient therapy, and medication-assisted treatment can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance. The cost of addiction treatment can further exacerbate financial instability and debt, leading to additional stress on relationships and careers.

Cost of Prescription Drug Abuse on Education

Prescription drug abuse can hurt academic performance and educational outcomes, particularly for young people. Substance use can interfere with learning and memory, making it difficult for students to retain information and perform well on exams. Drug use can also lead to absenteeism, tardiness, and difficulty concentrating in class, leading to lower grades and an increased risk of dropping out.

As with other mind-altering drugs, prescription pill abuse can impair judgment and inhibition, putting young adults at heightened risk for HIV and other STIs, misusing different types of drugs, and engaging in other risky behaviors. According to SAMHSA, most adolescents who misuse pain pills get them from friends and family, including their home's medicine cabinet.

Prescription drug abuse is a serious issue that requires prompt attention and intervention. If you or someone you know is struggling with prescription drug abuse, you must seek help from an addiction specialist. With the proper treatment and support, it is possible to overcome prescription drug abuse and lead a healthy, fulfilling life.

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How Prescription Drugs Helped Fuel the Drug Overdose Epidemic

The opioid epidemic is a serious public health crisis that has been ravaging communities in the United States for years. While many of us may associate illicit drugs such as heroin with causing drug overdoses, prescription drugs have also played a significant role in this devastating trend. The widespread availability and ease of obtaining these medications, combined with their powerful strength and addictive properties, have resulted in an alarming rise in overdose deaths due to prescription drug misuse.

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's statistics indicate about 107,622 drug overdose deaths in the US during 2021. Synthetic opioids like fentanyl were responsible for a large portion of the deaths, accounting for 71,238 deaths. But prescription opioids (such as oxycodone and hydrocodone) were also major contributors to the crisis. According to the CDC, natural or semi-synthetic drugs accounted for 13,722 overdose deaths in 2020 and 13,503 in 2021.

These deaths were attributed mainly to over-prescribing opioid painkillers like OxyContin, which has led to numerous cases of physical dependence and addiction. In 2016, the CDC issued a national guideline on pain management to help improve appropriate opioid prescribing and minimize opioid-related risks. The guideline got a lot of support from Americans, especially in two key elements: advising physicians to issue less than a three-day supply of opioid painkillers for acute pain and trying other treatment options before considering opioids for chronic pain.

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Understanding Prescription Drugs Misuse

Prescription drugs are obtained with a doctor's prescription. They treat medical conditions, including pain, anxiety, and depression. However, they can also be abused due to their powerful effects.

Prescription drugs, like any other drug, can lead to substance use disorders as an unintended consequence. It is well-documented that these medications can be highly addictive and are major risk factors for people developing opioid use disorder.

The false sense of safety that comes with obtaining these medications from a doctor or pharmacy can lead some people to take them in ways they weren't prescribed. For example, they will:

Take a higher dose than prescribed
Use them more frequently than directed
Take them for a longer period
Use the drugs for recreational purposes

Besides, since many people store these drugs in the medicine cabinet, they can be easily accessible to others, including young people. This increases the risk of them being taken and abused without the supervision of a healthcare professional. Taking someone else's medication can lead to dangerous side effects and death.

How Prescription Drug Abuse Contributes to the Overdose Crisis

Prescription painkiller abuse has become a major contributor to the overdose crisis in the United States. These drugs are often prescribed for legitimate medical conditions, such as pain management or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, when used improperly or for non-medical reasons, they can lead to substance use disorders, addiction, and even overdose deaths.

There are several ways in which prescription drugs like Oxycontin, Adderall, etc., contribute to the overdose crisis:

One of the ways is through the development of opioid dependence. People prescribed opioids for an injury or chronic pain may start to rely on them for relief, leading to a physical dependence on the drug. As their tolerance builds, they may need to take higher doses to achieve the same level of pain relief, increasing their risk of overdose.

Another way is through the use of street drugs. When people become dependent on prescription opioids and cannot obtain them, they may turn to street drugs like heroin to manage their withdrawal symptoms. Heroin is often cheaper and more readily available than prescription opioids, making it an attractive option for those struggling with addiction. However, street drugs are often more potent and can lead to a higher risk of overdose.

Polydrug use is also an issue, particularly when people combine opioids with alcohol or other sedatives. This practice often increases the risk of overdose and can be deadly.

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Who is to Blame for the Opioid Crisis?

It's important to note that the misuse of prescription drugs is not solely the patient's fault. Physicians have been criticized for overprescribing opioids, with some labeled as "pill mill doctors." They were seen as contributors to the crisis due to their over-reliance on opioid prescriptions to manage pain rather than exploring alternative treatments.

Pharmaceutical companies such as Purdue Pharmaceuticals have also been blamed for the crisis. Purdue, the real co-conspirator, was accused of downplaying the risks of addiction and exaggerating the benefits of OxyContin. It was also blamed for aggressively marketing the drug to physicians and misleading the public about the safety of its products.

The third guilty party is the American Pain Society, with its "pain as the 5th vital sign" campaign. This campaign promoted the idea that pain should be treated as a vital sign, like temperature, pulse, etc. However, it didn't come with any device to objectively measure pain as the previous vital signs, pulse temperature, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

The 5th vital sign campaign was the first and only subjective vital sign. It led to a significant increase in opioid prescriptions, as doctors were pressured to treat patients' pain more aggressively.

Fourth on the list of blame is the Joint Commission. In 2001, it issued a mandate that required hospitals to use pain scales to evaluate patients' pain.

The commission also published a pain management guide that downplayed doctors' concerns about opioid addiction, tolerance, and risk of death. Additionally, it framed pain management as a patient's rights issue, increasing the pressure to prescribe opioids. Purdue Pharma sponsored this guide.

Press Ganey is the fifth guilty party on the list. This company helped develop patient satisfaction surveys. The results of these surveys were then used to rank hospitals.

Then enters, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a mandate to hospitals in 2002. The mandate threatened their Medicare reimbursement if patient satisfaction scores didn't meet specific standards. Patient satisfaction was based on surveys that included them scoring their satisfaction with pain control.

Inevitably, hospital administrators made it to the blame list. With CMS' mandate, hospital administrators felt pressure to increase patient satisfaction scores by any means necessary. So they started to pressure doctors to prescribe more opioids for pain management and patient satisfaction. This eventually led to overprescribing and misuse of opioids.

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Prescription Drugs Lawsuits

Numerous lawsuits have been filed against major pharmaceutical companies and high-profile figures concerning the opioid epidemic. One notable example is the lawsuit against Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin. The company and members of the Sackler family, who owned Purdue, have been accused of aggressively marketing OxyContin while downplaying the risks of addiction, leading to the widespread abuse of the drug and the opioid epidemic.

In 2019, Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty to federal criminal charges and settled with the Department of Justice. The company and the Sackler family agreed to pay $8 billion in fines and penalties.

States and municipalities have also sued Johnson & Johnson, Teva, and Endo International over their role in the opioid epidemic. In 2021, Johnson & Johnson was ordered to pay $572 million in a landmark opioid trial in Oklahoma and is currently facing lawsuits in several other states.

Teva has settled with New York for $523 million and is working to finalize a nationwide settlement valued at more than $4.2 billion. And Endo which has now filed for bankruptcy has agreed to pay $450 million to support the treatment and prevention of opioid abuse.

Opioid Abuse Treatment

More Than Rehab offers a range of treatment options to help those struggling with opioid addiction and substance abuse break the cycle and achieve long-term sobriety. The treatment center provides an array of evidence-based therapies, including individual and group counseling, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), relapse prevention training, and more.

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The Importance of Proper Disposal of Unused Medication

Prescription medications are a vital part of our society. They save lives, improve quality of life, and make us more productive. But like all powerful tools, they can be dangerous in the wrong hands. They can also be hazardous to the environment. That's why it's important to ensure that unused or expired prescription drugs are disposed of properly.

Storing unused or expired medication can be dangerous if you have kids, veterans, and people with underlying mental health issues at home. Kids may accidentally take them, or veterans may deliberately misuse them to self-medicate.

The Dangers of Not Disposing of Unused Medication

Every year, millions of Americans find themselves in need of medication. Medication can be an important part of maintaining our health, whether for a short-term illness or a chronic condition. However, once we no longer need a particular medication, it is important to dispose of it properly. Unused medication can seriously risk our safety, well-being, and environment.

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One of the most significant dangers of unused medication is the risk of accidental poisoning. Medication cabinets often contain pills and potions, which can be easily mistaken for something else. Even a small amount of medication can have serious consequences if ingested accidentally or intentionally. By properly disposing of unused medication, we can help reduce this risk.
In addition to the danger of accidental poisoning, unused medication can also be abused or diverted for illegal purposes. Drug addicts often raid medicine cabinets in search of pills to get high on. By disposing of our unused medication, we can help to prevent it from falling into the wrong hands.
Finally, not disposing of unused drugs can lead to drug abuse, dependence, and overdose deaths. Every year, thousands of people die from drug overdoses, many of which involve prescription opioids like Vicodin and OxyContin. According to the CDC, about 44 people died each day from overdoses involving prescription opioids in 2020. The NIH also points out that prescription opioids are a gateway drug, with many users turning to illicit opioids like heroin.

How to Dispose of Unused Medication

Disposing of unused or expired medication can be tricky. You want to ensure that the medication is properly disposed of so that it doesn't end up in the wrong person's hands or the environment. Here are some proper ways to safely dispose of unused medications:

Use the Drug Take-Back Programs

One option for disposing of unused medication is to take advantage of the national prescription drug take-back day or programs. These programs are typically run by state and local law enforcement agencies, hospitals, DEA, or pharmacies and provide a safe and convenient way to dispose of unwanted medication.

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Before you hand over your medication, check with the take-back program to find out the types of drugs they accept and their specific policies. Walgreens, for example, accepts prescription medications, ointments & patches, pet medications, vitamins, OTC medications, ointments, lotions & liquids, inhalers, and aerosol cans. However, they don't accept illegal drugs, hydrogen peroxide Needles & thermometers.

Dispose of the Medications at Home

If the drug take back is not an option, you can dispose of the drugs at home using one of the following ways. Always check your local community information services to see if they allow for medicines dropped off at local collection sites. Note that the mode of drug disposal varies depending on the type of drugs.

Flush the Medication Down the Toilet

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends flushing certain medicines down the sink or toilet when they are no longer needed and cannot be disposed of through other means. Flushing is the best way to dispose of medication that is a controlled substance or has the potential to be harmful if taken by someone other than the person for whom it was prescribed. According to the FDA, drugs on the flush list are those:

Sought-after for their abuse or misuse potential
That can lead to death from one dose if inappropriately taken

If you have veterans, children, or people with mental health in your home that can intentionally or accidentally touch, ingest, abuse, or misuse a medicine on the flush list, they can suffer serious consequences, including death. Some examples of these drugs include those that contain the following words on them:

Diazepam rectal gel
Morphine
Buprenorphine meperidine
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Hydrocodone
Methadone" or "benzhydrocodone
Tapentadol
Sodium oxybate

You can find this information on the label or leaflet that came with your medicine. If unsure, contact your pharmacist or doctor for advice on how to dispose of your particular medication.

how-to-dispose-of-unwanted-expired-unused-medications-and-prescription-drugs-in-Houston-Texas-area-drug-rehab

Dispose of the Medicines in Household Trash

Another option for disposing of medication is to mix it with an undesirable substance, such as used coffee grounds or kitty litter, and place it in a container with a lid. The container should then be placed in the trash. Before throwing it away, remove all personal information from the prescription label. This will help to protect your identity and keep your confidential medical information private.

Always check your local community information services to see if they allow for medicines dropped off at local collection sites.

Flushing Drugs and the Water Supply

Some people are concerned about flushing drugs down the toilet because they worry that the drugs will end up in the drinking water supply. However, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there is no evidence that pharmaceuticals in the environment harm humans or wildlife. In fact, the EPA states that the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the environment are so low that they pose no known risk to human health or the environment.

Never Share Your Drugs

Never share prescription drugs with anyone else, even if they seem to need them. Sharing drugs is not only illegal, but it can also be dangerous. The person taking the drug may have an allergy to it, or they may not be able to metabolize the drug properly, which could lead to serious health consequences.

Don’t leave unused or expired medication in your home, even if it is in a child-resistant container. Unused or expired medication can be dangerous if it falls into the wrong hands, and it can also be tempting for someone to take if they are struggling with addiction. If you have unused or expired medication, take it to a drug take-back location or dispose of it at home according to the FDA's guidelines.

Can You Get Treatment For A Xanax Addiction?

Xanax is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. These drugs are some of the most commonly abused substances in the world. They're also responsible for a high number of emergency rooms visit across the United States. Benzodiazepines slow down the nervous system and have a calming effect on the user. Xanax is typically prescribed to treat medical conditions like anxiety and panic disorders, but it is also commonly abused for its calming and relaxation effects.

Warning Signs of Xanax Abuse

Many people use Xanax as directed by their doctor to treat anxiety or panic disorders. However, some people misuse or abuse Xanax, which can lead to serious consequences. Warning signs of Xanax addiction:

Taking more of the drug than prescribed.
Taking it more often than prescribed and continuing to use it even when it is no longer needed.
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, excessive fear, insomnia, muscle pain, depression, etc. when trying to stop taking Xanax or cut back.
Having all sorts of emotions - like mood swings, anxiety, depression, aggression, or suicidal thoughts.
Becoming more withdrawn, even from friends and family members.
Financial problems.

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People who abuse prescription drugs like Xanax may crush and snort the pills or mix them with alcohol or other drugs. Mixing Xanax with other drugs can be dangerous as it increases the risk of overdose and other serious side effects.

Side Effects of Xanax Abuse

Xanax abuse can lead to physical, mental, and behavioral health problems. Some of the most common side effects of Xanax abuse include:

Slowed reflexes
Lightheadedness
Increased sweating
Drowsiness
Confusion
Impaired judgment
Dizziness
Fatigue
Slurred speech
Impaired coordination
Headache
Nausea vomiting
Memory problems
Constipation
Sleep problems
Poor balance
Difficulty concentrating
Upset stomach
Muscle weakness
Dry mouth
Diarrhea
Irritability
Blurred vision
Appetite or weight changes
Stuffy nose
Swelling in hands or feet
Loss of interest in sex

Xanax can also cause severe or rare side effects like:

Fainting
Trouble speaking
Extreme tiredness
Shortness of breath
Increased heart rate
Harmful or suicidal thoughts
Depression or low mood, lack of interest in life
Severe allergic reaction, including facial swelling
Performing tasks, such as preparing food or driving or while not fully awake

How Addiction to Xanax Happens

People who abuse Xanax may start taking the drug as prescribed by their doctor. However, over time they may begin to take more of the drug than prescribed, or take it more often. They may continue to use the drug even when it is no longer needed. This can lead to addiction.

Xanax binds to the brain's GABA receptors and increases the level of the neurotransmitter GABA. This results in feelings of calm and relaxation. However, when people take Xanax regularly, they build up a tolerance for the drug. This means they need to take larger and larger doses to achieve the same effect.

As their tolerance builds, so does their dependence on the drug. And as their dependence grows, so does their risk of developing an addiction. Withdrawal symptoms can occur when someone dependent on Xanax stops taking the medication cold turkey.

These symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, insomnia, sweating, shaking, and seizures. If you or someone you know is struggling with an addiction to Xanax, help is available.

prescription-drugs-panic-disorders-seeking-treatment-cold-turkey-medical-conditions-Dallas-TX

Xanax Addiction Treatment Options

For those seeking treatment there are different Xanax addiction treatment options available. These treatments can be tailored to the individual's needs. Some of the most common options include:

Therapy and Group Support

Therapy provides a safe space for people to process their feelings and work through any underlying mental health issues contributing to their addiction. There are different types of therapies available, such as:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - helps people identify and change any negative thinking patterns contributing to their addiction. CBT has been shown to increase abstinence success to 70-80% in patients addicted to Xanax.
Acceptance and commitment therapy - focuses on helping people to accept their thoughts and feelings without judgment and to commit to making changes in their lives. This type of therapy can be helpful for people who are struggling to accept their addiction and make changes in their lives. It centers around mindfulness, acceptance, defusion, values, committed action, and context.
Group therapy - involves meeting with other people who are also struggling with addiction and working together to recover. Group therapy can provide support and accountability and help people feel less alone in their struggles.

Other Medications

Many other medications can be used for the treatment of Xanax addiction. These include antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Each of these medications can help to ease the symptoms of Xanax addiction and allow the person to better cope with withdrawal.

Antipsychotics can help to reduce paranoia and delusions, while antidepressants can help to ease depression and anxiety. Mood stabilizers can help to even out mood swings and reduce irritability. These medications can be used with therapy and counseling to provide the most effective treatment for Xanax addiction.

drug-rehab-program-health-care-period-of-time-outpatient-treatment-inpatient-rehab-benzodiazepine-misuse-sobriety-overdose-prevention

Medication Tapering

Medication tapering is a process whereby the dosage of a medication is slowly reduced over time, helping to minimize withdrawal symptoms. This approach can be used for Xanax addiction and has been shown to be effective in helping people overcome their dependence on the drug. The first step is to work with a doctor or other professional to create a tapering schedule.

This schedule will start with a high dose of Xanax and gradually reduce the amount over time. The goal is to eventually reach a point where the person is no longer taking any Xanax at all. The process can be difficult, but it is often successful in helping people break free from their addiction.

Get Help for your Xanax Addiction

If you or someone you love is struggling with an addiction to Xanax, it is important to seek help as soon as possible. Many treatment options are available, and the sooner you seek help, the better. Don't wait to get help. Start your journey to recovery from addiction today.

888-249-2191

Understanding the Risks & Dangers of Ketamine Abuse

Ketamine is a powerful dissociative drug that has been used for medical and recreational purposes for decades. While it is not as well-known as other drugs like cocaine or heroin, Ketamine's availability has increased in the recent past.

Ketamine abuse is most common among young adults, who are often drawn to the drug's ability to produce an out-of-body experience. Because Ketamine is legal in the United States and can easily be accessed in local veterinary clinics, it has become a popular drug of choice at clubs and parties.

It is also one of the most common date rape drugs. When used in this way, it can cause memory loss and make it difficult for a person to resist sexual assault. Ketamine is also sometimes used to spike drinks.

date-rape-drug-mental-health-urinary-tract-dissociative-anesthetic-club-drug-side-effects

What Does Ketamine Do?

Ketamine is a Schedule III drug under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning it has an accepted medical use but also a high potential for abuse and dependence. Ketamine is most commonly used as an anesthetic in veterinary medicine but has some limited uses in human medicine.

Ketamine is a safe and effective medication with few side effects when used as directed. However, Ketamine can be abused for its hallucinogenic and dissociative effects. Ketamine can cause serious health problems, including respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, and kidney damage when misused.

Ketamine abuse can also lead to addiction and mental health problems such as anxiety and paranoia. Because of the risks associated with ketamine abuse, the drug should only be used as directed by a medical professional.

Ketamine Use

There are a variety of ways that Ketamine can be administered. It can be insufflated, injected, consumed orally, or smoked.

Injection is popular among abusers as it produces a more intense high. However, it has risks, including abscesses, ulcers, and vein damage.
Ketamine is sometimes consumed orally, though this method is less common as it is often difficult to measure the dose accurately.
The drug can be smoked alone or in combination with marijuana or tobacco. Smoking ketamine generally produces a more mellow high than other methods of administration.
In social situations, Ketamine is insufflated or snorted up the nose.

Ketamine is also frequently abused with other substances, such as cocaine, MDMA, or amphetamines. This can lead to addiction to these other substances and, worst cases, overdose deaths.

Ketamine Abuse and Addiction

People abuse Ketamine for its dissociative anesthetic effect. Dissociative drugs distort sounds, self, colors, sights, and environment, making people feel out of touch with reality. That's why Ketamine is used as a party or club drug.

Abusing Ketamine for long periods of time can cause addiction. Ketamine addiction happens because the drug binds to the NMDA receptor in the brain and creates changes that lead to compulsive drug-seeking behavior. NMDA receptor helps to regulate pain perception, emotions, and memory.

ketamine-abuse-therapy-suicidal-thoughts-treatment-resistant-depression-mental-health-addiction-treatment-substance-abuse

People addicted to Ketamine may feel like they need the drug to function normally. They may keep using Ketamine even though it is causing problems in their lives.

Symptoms of ketamine addiction include:

Increasing the amount of use
Becoming obsessed with the next hit
Spending excessive amounts of money on the drug
Failing to keep up with responsibilities such as school and work
Developing tolerance and needing more and more to feel a high
Neglecting friends and family
Withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit using the drug
Cravings for Ketamine
Continued use despite negative consequences.

The Dangers of Ketamine Abuse

Ketamine is a powerful anesthetic that is often abused for its hallucinogenic effects. However, ketamine abuse comes with a range of short- and long-term dangers.

Short-term dangers include:

Impaired motor function
Slurred speech
Dizziness
Respiratory depression can lead to death.

Long-term dangers of ketamine abuse include:

Urinary tract issues like urge incontinence, irritation, and eventually decreased bladder compliance and volume.
Cognitive impairment and memory problems
Regular abuse can permanently damage the liver, kidneys, and brain.
In addition, ketamine users are at an increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the potential long-term harms of ketamine abuse before using this drug.

In addition, chronic ketamine abuse can lead to "K-holes," a dissociative state in which users feel detached from their bodies and reality. K-holes can be extremely dangerous and have been known to lead to suicide.

k-hole-dissociative-drug-hallucinogen-therapy-versus-abuse-addiction-treatment-Houston-TX-area-drug-rehab-detox

Here's a quick look at the side effects of Ketamine abuse:

Body system	High dose	Low- to-moderate dose
Cardiovascular	dangerous changes in blood pressure, heart rate, chest pain	High blood pressure, depressed or elevated heart rate,chest pain and low blood pressure (rare)
Respiratory	Respiratory depression (when taken rapidly or with CNS depressants or alcohol)	An increase in breathing rate
Renal	Kidney toxicity (with chronic abuse).	Kidney toxicity (with chronic abuse).
Gastrointestinal	Nausea and vomiting	Nausea and vomiting
Central Nervous System (CNS)	Amnesia, delirium, panic, coma, elevated body temperature, fear, violent behavior, hallucinations or terrors (k-hole effect), seizures.	Agitation, time, shape, body image and sound alterations, confusion, numbness, dizziness, lethargy, detached feelings, drowsiness, flashbacks, hallucinations, loss of coordination, sedation.
Others	Exaggerated strength, severe anxiety, panic, fear, anxiety, respiratory depression, and aggression, muscle rigidity, death from overdose (especially if combined with alcohol, other CNS depressants).	Rapid eye movement, salivation (IV use), dilated pupils, tears, spasm of the larynx (rare).

Treatment for Ketamine Abuse

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that is abused for its hallucinogenic effects. It can cause dissociation, hallucinations, impaired motor function, and addiction when used recreationally. While there is no specific treatment for ketamine abuse, several effective approaches can be used to address the problem.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, for example, can help people change their drug use patterns and develop healthy coping mechanisms. In addition, medication can be used to manage the symptoms of ketamine withdrawal and help prevent relapse. With proper treatment, it is possible to overcome ketamine abuse and lead a healthy and productive life.

Get Help Today

Ketamine abuse is a serious problem that can have devastating consequences. If you or someone you know is struggling with Ketamine or other substance abuse, please seek help immediately. Many resources are available to help you get started, and we urge you to take advantage of them.

888-249-2191

East Texas Has an Opioid Problem, From Prescription

If you think that the drug abuse trend in the great state of Texas has anything to do with its closeness to the Mexican border, you are right. Texas shares a 1,254-mile border with Mexico, which is a big factor in the state's drug problem, especially with the illegal drug heroin.

According to the National Drug Intelligence Center, Texas Drug Threat Assessment, this border area is widely used by the cartels to smuggle illicit substances to the United States. That’s because most of is open, including state parks and this makes it difficult to constantly be monitored by enforcement agencies.

Large quantities of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and meth are trafficked to the country through the border. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System (FDSS) research shows that the amount of drugs seized by officers in the state – most confiscated near or at the US-Mexico border – consistently surpasses that of any other region in the United States

east-Texas-has-an-opioid-problem-prescription-drug-abuse-evidence-based-addiction-treatment-Houston-TX

But despite the law enforcement effort, cartels still find creative ways of ferrying the drugs across the border, whether it’s through roads, air, rail, water, or underground tunnels. And while smuggling happens anywhere across the border, commercial smuggling is prevalent in the Gulf of Mexico and the Rio Grande River.

Prescription opioids in East Texas

Illicit substances aren’t the only drug problem in Texas. The seemingly safe prescription medicines are also frequently abused and can cause serious issues, like overdose and death. In 2018, there were 14,975 deaths involving prescription opioids in Texas, according to the National Institute on Drug Use. Although the national prescription opioid-involved death rates decreased by nearly 7% from 2018 to 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reveal that more than 70% of the 70,630 deaths in 2019 involved opioids.

Prescription drugs produce feelings of calmness and euphoria when taken in large doses. And while they aren’t meant to be taken this way, people may become tolerant over time and begin taking larger doses to feel the effect. This is part of the reason Texas law limits opioid prescriptions for acute pain to 10 days – with no refills allowed. A separate law also mandates physicians to check a state database to track whether patients with moderate to severe pain have already gotten the drugs elsewhere.

The regional needs assessment showed that the lifetime use rates for codeine syrup, Adderall, and benzodiazepines in the south- and northeast Texas were 15.5%, 4.4%, and 4.1%, respectively. Additionally, there were 7 prescriptions per 10 people in northeast Texas compared to 5.2 per 10 people statewide, according to the assessment.

Examples of commonly abused prescription drugs in East Texas include:

Xanax
Adderall
Methadone
Vicodin
Oxycontin
Suboxone
Valium
Rypholin
Methadone

Misuse of prescription medicines is widespread, especially among adults and teens. Xanax misuse is particularly prevalent for teens. Houston, which lies in Southeast Texas, near the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston, is a source city for bulk quantities of pain medicines. Most of the supply comes from diverse activities at Houston’s many illegal pill mills, organized pharmacy theft, and prescription fraud.

Counterfeit pill production

The rise of counterfeit pill production makes the prescription drug situation even worse. Fake Xanax and hydrocodone pills containing fentanyl and other synthetic opioids are increasingly being seized. These impure drugs can have severe side effects and lead to overdose and death in worse cases. In fact, reports show that misused opioids accounted for more deaths than any other drugs save for cocaine.

According to the DEA, fentanyl-laced counterfeit pills remain a leading cause of overdose deaths in East Texas and across the country. As cheap, potent fentanyl infiltrates the heroin markets, the drug will augment and supplant white powder heroin in different markets.

Texas is in the top five states for a total number of opioid-related deaths. It also has the second-highest opioid abuse-related health care costs, amounting to over $1.9 billion, according to the City of San Antonio Metropolitan Health District’s overview. Hundreds of people die of overdose every day, and deaths involving schedule II drugs have outpaced those of heroin and cocaine combined since 2002. The crisis has led several East Texas counties, like Upshur, Titus, and Bowie, to hold drug manufacturers like Pfizer Inc., Purdue Pharma, and Johnson & Johnson responsible for the economic burden of opioid addiction.

Opioid addiction

Opioids such as fentanyl, heroin, and pain medications are highly addictive because they activate powerful reward centers in the brain. These drugs activate opioid receptors on cells situated in many areas of the spinal cord, brain, and other body organs, particularly those involved in feelings of pleasure and pain. When they attach to these receptors, they block pain signals and flood the body with dopamine. This effect can reinforce the act of using the drug, making one want to repeat the experience.

Long-term use of opioids can cause some people to develop tolerance. In this case, they’ll need higher and more frequent doses to achieve the desired effect. But this causes neurons to adapt so that they only work normally when the drug is present. The absence of the drug causes withdrawal symptoms, some of which are life-threatening. At this point, one is likely to rely on the drug to keep these symptoms at bay.

Treating opioid addiction

Chronic pain patients who develop opioid addiction need medical support to quit using the drugs. There are many inpatient and outpatient facilities in Trinity, Newton, Polk, Port Arthur, Tyler, Texas, etc., dedicated to treating people with addiction. Other programs, like the Deep East Texas Opioid Response Program, can also help with addiction care. Many of these programs use medications like buprenorphine or methadone to help individuals get off of opioids. In cases of opioid overdose, patients are given Naltrexone to flush out receptors to reverse the overdose.

Take advantage of the many resources available in the region to ensure you or your loved one is free from opioid addiction. The East Texas Council on Addiction and Drug Abuse is one such resource that acts as the first step for those seeking help. But you can also contact us today to learn how we can help you get off drugs and lead a clean, healthy life.

How Chronic Pain Can Lead to Drug Abuse

Pain is a normal part of life. It is our body’s reaction to illness or injury – a warning that something is wrong. Usually, pain lessens as soon as the body recovers. The hurting stops and things go back to normal. But this doesn’t happen all the time. Not when it’s chronic pain.

Chronic pain is a persistent pain that’s ongoing and lasts longer than three months. It lingers on even after the illness or injury has gone away. Chronic pain can limit mobility and reduce strength, endurance, and flexibility. This may make it hard to get through daily activities and tasks.

Chronic pain may last for months or even years. It may feel dull or sharp, causing an aching or burning sensation in affected areas. The pain may be intermittent, steady, or on and off. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 20.4% of adults in the US had chronic pain in 2019.

Currently, it’s the leading cause of long-term disability in the country, affecting about 100 million Americans. Studies show 1 in 4 people with chronic pain will develop chronic pain syndrome (CPS). This occurs when they experience mental health issues like anxiety and depression, on top of the pain.

Chronic pain symptoms

Chronic pain, like other long-term health issues, leads to complications beyond the physical symptoms. It causes depression, feelings of guilt, poor sleep, loss of interest in sex, suicidal thoughts, exhaustion, stress, and anxiety. The consistent pain makes it hard for one to manage tasks, keep up with work or attend a social gathering. This leads to problems with relationships and work. Some studies suggest that the severity of these issues is directly proportional to the pain.

How chronic pain leads to addiction:

Chronic pain intensifies mental health issues that cause addiction

Many studies show a strong link between chronic pain and mental health issues. In one of these studies 10-87% of chronic patients had depressive and anxiety symptoms. Personality disorders are also common among these types of patients. Chronic pain and mental health disorders are linked because they both share neural pathways, making it hard for the brain to distinguish them.

In addition, chronic pain has some profound social and behavioral effects that feed into a mental health condition. Prolonged chronic pain causes social isolation that intensifies issues like anxiety and depression. That’s where addiction comes in.

Experts are learning more and more about the strong link between mental health issues and addiction. According to NIDA, people who develop mental disorders are also diagnosed with substance use disorders. Another report by the National Bureau of Economic Research says that mental issues are responsible for the consumption of the following: 40% of cigarettes, 44% of cocaine, and 38% of alcohol.

Self-medication is by far the most common culprit behind most dual diagnoses. For example, a chronic pain patient with low energy takes crystal meth to increase their drive to get things done. Meth addiction can happen the first time it’s used. To make things worse, the drug can cause horrible side effects on the body. Meth mouth is one of the most common physical side effects of meth use.

Treatment involves prescription opioids that can be highly addictive

Prescription opioids are one of the common drugs that doctors prescribe for chronic pain issues. Since the early 1990s, doctors have been prescribing opioid painkillers like morphine, hydrocodone, codeine, and oxycodone for pain problems. These medicines manage pain well and can improve quality of life when used correctly. But unfortunately, anyone who uses opioids is at risk of developing an addiction.

Short-term use of opioid pain relievers rarely causes addiction. However, when a patient takes them for a long time (or incorrectly), they are likely to abuse the drug, develop tolerance and end up with addiction.

Opioids are highly addictive. They make the body and brain believe that the drug is necessary for survival. So the chronic pain patient will want to keep taking the medication. But as they develop a tolerance to the prescribed dose, they may find that they need even more medication to relieve the pain. This may lead to dependence.

This is why patients have to adhere to their doctor’s recommendations at all times. Opioids are not only addictive but also potentially life-threatening. On average, opioid overdoses account for 90 deaths in America every day. According to WHO, 70% of drug use deaths are opioid-related – with over 30% of these deaths arising from an overdose.

Withdrawal symptoms cause patients to continue using drugs

Many chronic pain patients become dependent on prescription opioids to avoid pain. But when one takes the medication for a long time, they become tolerant. Over time, the body needs more drugs to achieve the same effect. Extended use alters the way neural pathways work in the brain. And these neurons start depending on the drug to function.

As a result, the patient becomes physically sick when they stop using opioid medication. So, they use more drugs to avoid pain and withdrawal symptoms.

Patients try out alternative drugs to relieve pain

Prescription opioids are hard to obtain. Some patients may opt for alternative drugs that are cheaper and easily accessible – like morphine and heroin. Research suggests that misuse of opioid pain medicines like Vicodin and OxyContin may open the door for heroin use.

According to NIH, about 4-6% of those who misuse opioid medicines switch to heroin. But a staggering 80% of those who use heroin, begin by misusing prescription opioids.

Managing chronic pain

Prescription opioids are often the last resort for chronic pain management among non-cancer patients. Most patients benefit from psychological treatments, exercises, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and NSAIDs. But in cases where opioid medications have to be prescribed, it is crucial that they work closely with their doctor to prevent it leading to drug abuse.

Patients who end up with drug use issues will benefit from addiction treatment. Treatment centers have qualified health care professionals who help address behavioral addictions. The best ones adhere to the guidance of the American Society of Addiction Medicine when treating co-occurring addiction and chronic pain issues.